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Gallery 12

Seized by the state

Loss. The law it tested: estate tax, confiscation and restitution.

239 storiesLossEstate tax, confiscation and restitution
The Rich Man, from The Dance of Death, painting by Hans Holbein the Younger
The Rich Man, from The Dance of Death. Hans Holbein the Younger, ca. 1526, published 1538. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

What did these cases decide about estate tax, confiscation and restitution?

A will that pours everything into a private trust keeps the shares out of the public file, but the executors' fees and payments still need court approval and any beneficiary can object to them. Without a will, state intestacy law picks the heirs, and the court must rule on every claim of kinship before the estate can be divided. The state of residence an estate claims to reduce its taxes can decide, decades later, which state's publicity law governs the dead person's name and image.

Stories
239
Years
459 BCE to 2026
Main subjects
European families, Military families, Literature and art
Main regions
Europe, North America, Latin America
Updated
30 October 2026

Every case in this gallery, best-known first

Best-known first: cases from 1900 on, then the United States, then Europe, and the people most read about on English Wikipedia each month. Fiction, scripture and legend come last.

Adele Bloch-Bauer: Adele Bloch-Bauer vers 19201925 · ViennaAdele Bloch-Bauer's will asked for her Klimt portraits to go to Austria; the Nazis took them, and her niece won them back in 2006Gustav Klimt painted Adele Bloch-Bauer in 1907 and 1912. Her husband, the sugar industrialist Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, owned the paintings. Adele's will asked Ferdinand to leave the Klimts to the Austrian state gallery at his death.plone.unige.ch and 4 moreMichael Jackson: Michael Jackson 1983 (3x4 cropped) (contrast)2009 · Los Angeles, California, USAMichael Jackson's estate put its value at $5.1 million, the Tax Court set $111.5 million, and a judge later ordered $625,000 in bonuses returnedMichael Jackson died on 25 June 2009, aged 50, of acute propofol intoxication; the Los Angeles County coroner ruled it a homicide.abcnews.com and 8 morePrince at Coachella 001: Prince performing at Coachella 2008.2016 · Paisley Park, Chanhassen, Minnesota, USAPrince died without a will, more than 45 people claimed to be his relatives, and his estate took 6 years and a tax court case to dividePrince was found unresponsive in an elevator at Paisley Park in Chanhassen, Minnesota, on 21 April 2016, aged 57. An autopsy found fentanyl toxicity. He left no will, spouse or children.nbcwashington.com and 16 moreMarilyn Monroe: A glamorous Marilyn Monroe in a red dress, taken for publicity purposes for 1953 film How to Marry a Millionaire.1962 · Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, USAMarilyn Monroe's executor told tax officials she lived in New York, so a court barred her estate's company from claiming California image rightsMarilyn Monroe signed her will in New York on 14 January 1961, naming her lawyer Aaron Frosch executor. She died in the Brentwood house she had bought for $75,000 six months earlier and was found on 5 August 1962.CourtListener and 8 moreWillie Nelson: Willie Nelson and his guitar "Trigger"1990 · Austin and Dripping Springs, TexasThe IRS seized Willie Nelson's ranch, studio and guitars over a $16.7 million tax bill, and fans bought them backIn the early 1980s Willie Nelson put money into tax shelters promoted by his accounting firm, Price Waterhouse. The IRS began examining his returns in 1984 and disallowed the deductions.UPI and 3 moreJohnny Carson: Johnny Carson Tonight Show 19652005 · Los Angeles, CaliforniaJohnny Carson's trust gave his foundation $156 million after his death, and no public accounting of his estate has appearedJohnny Carson died of emphysema in January 2005 at 79. He kept his giving private. His charity, the John W. Carson Foundation, had received about $1 million to $2 million a year from the John W. Carson Trust.thesmokinggun.com and 3 moreSammy Davis Jr.: Sammy Davis Jr. 19721990 · Beverly Hills, CaliforniaSammy Davis Jr. died owing the IRS about $7 million, and his widow lost the rights to his name and musicSammy Davis Jr. died of throat cancer at his Beverly Hills home in May 1990, aged 64. He was impoverished and deeply in debt to the IRS. The tax liabilities against his estate came to about $7 million.Deseret News and 6 moreScott Weiland: Scott Weiland onstage with a mic--2009-072015 · Bloomington, MinnesotaScott Weiland's 2007 will made his ex-wife executor over his widow, and she spent years settling his tax liens and lawsuitsScott Weiland died on his tour bus at 48 from an overdose of cocaine, alcohol and MDA. He had a will signed in 2007, the year he divorced Mary Forsberg.lanacion.com.ar and 5 moreJerry Lee Lewis: Jerry Lee Lewis publicity photo, 1950s2022 · Nesbit, MississippiJerry Lee Lewis put his ranch in his manager's name to hide it from the IRS; after he died, a judge ordered his son out and the manager's heirs listed it for $1.6 millionJerry Lee Lewis died at 87 at the Lewis Ranch, a 30-acre property in Nesbit, south of Memphis.savingcountrymusic.com and 4 moreO.J. Simpson 1990 · DN-ST-91-03444: NBC Sports commentator and former professional football player O. J. Simpson sits with a group of servicemen to watch a Thanksgiving Day footbal2024 · Las Vegas, Nevada, USAO.J. Simpson paid little of the $33.5 million judgment while alive, and in 2025 his executor accepted a $58 million claim from Ron Goldman's fatherO.J. Simpson was acquitted in 1995 of the 12 June 1994 murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman. In 1997 a civil jury found him liable, and the families won a $33.5 million judgment.findlaw.com and 2 moreTom Clancy: Tom Clancy at Burns Library cropped2013 · Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USATom Clancy signed a codicil 68 days before he died, and the top court of Maryland ruled 4 to 3 that it freed his widow's family trust from estate taxTom Clancy, the thriller writer, was the biggest minority investor in the group that bought the Baltimore Orioles in 1993, and split his stake with his first wife, Wanda, in their 1999 divorce.mdcourts.gov and 3 moreRedd Foxx: Redd Foxx 19661991 · Los Angeles, CaliforniaThe IRS seized Redd Foxx's Las Vegas home, seven vehicles and bank accounts in 1989, and his estate was still in probate with an IRS lien in 2006On 28 November 1989 at least 17 IRS agents arrived at Redd Foxx's home near the Las Vegas Strip and gave him two minutes to open the door, according to UPI.probatelawyerblog.com and 4 moreJames Gandolfini: James Gandolfini @ Toronto International Film Festival 20112013 · Rome, ItalyJames Gandolfini's will left 80 percent of an estimated $70 million estate to his sisters and infant daughter, and a tax lawyer said about $30 million would go to taxesJames Gandolfini died in Rome at 51. His will, reviewed by the New York Daily News, left about 80 percent of an estimated $70 million estate to his sisters and his 9-month-old daughter, and 20 percent to his wife, Deborah Lin.ABA Journal and 3 morePaul Newman: Paul Newman - 19582008 · Westport, ConnecticutPaul Newman left his food company to a foundation run by his adviser, his daughter said the family was pushed out, and Congress changed the law for itIn 1982 Paul Newman and A.E. Hotchner started Newman's Own with $20,000 each, and all its after-tax profits went to charity.Cornell Law School, LII and 2 moreIsaac Hayes: Issac Hayes 19982008 · Memphis, TennesseeIsaac Hayes lost his song royalties to a bank in bankruptcy; his heirs took one song back and sued Donald Trump over itIn September 1974 Isaac Hayes sued Stax for $5.3 million in unpaid royalties. A three-way settlement freed him from Stax and gave Union Planters Bank the right to collect his royalties and apply them to his debts.tnwb.uscourts.gov and 4 morePablo Picasso: Pablo picasso 11973 · Mougins, FrancePicasso died with no will and about 43,000 works, and the French state took its tax in paintingsPicasso died at 91 at Mougins. He left no will. The auctioneer Maurice Rheims counted 1,885 paintings, more than 1,200 sculptures, about 7,000 drawings, 3,222 ceramics and about 30,000 prints.Internet Archive and 3 moreF. Scott Fitzgerald: Photo portrait of writer F. Scott Fitzgerald used in a year-long print advertising campaign for the Woodbury Soap Company, in which Fitzgerald featured as one 1940 · Los Angeles, CaliforniaF. Scott Fitzgerald left an estate of about $35,000 in 1940, and the Catholic church refused his burial plot until his daughter petitioned in 1975F. Scott Fitzgerald died of a heart attack in Los Angeles on 21 December 1940, aged 44. Gatsby had sold fewer than 23,000 copies by the end of 1925, and his book royalties were $80 in 1936.blogs.library.duke.edu and 3 moreJackie Wilson: Jackie Wilson 19611984 · Mount Holly, New JerseyJackie Wilson spent eight years in a coma under a court-appointed guardian, died $300,000 in debt, and was buried in an unmarked graveOn 29 September 1975 Jackie Wilson had a heart attack while singing at the Latin Casino in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, during a Dick Clark revue. Lack of oxygen left him in a coma.albanyherald.com and 4 moreEl Chapo: Booking photo of Joaquin “El Chapo“ Guzman (front)2019 · Brooklyn, New York, USA; Chicago, Illinois, USA; Culiacán, SEl Chapo was ordered to forfeit $12.6 billion, and two of the sons who inherited his cartel faction pleaded guilty in ChicagoJoaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán led the Sinaloa cartel. He was extradited to the United States in 2017.api-prod.gothamist.com and 2 moreLeona Helmsley: Leona Helmsley cropped mug2007 · Dunnellen Hall, Greenwich, Connecticut, USALeona Helmsley left $12 million in trust for her dog Trouble and nothing to 2 grandchildren, and a judge cut the dog's trust to $2 millionLeona Helmsley, a hotel operator and real estate investor, was convicted of federal income tax evasion in 1989. She died of congestive heart failure on 20 August 2007 at Dunnellen Hall, her home in Greenwich, Connecticut, aged 87.NBC News and 14 moreBo Diddley: Bo Diddley (1957 publicity portrait)2008 · Archer, FloridaBo Diddley's will gave his managers 30 percent of his songs forever, a judge let them sell the catalog to pay the IRS, and 22 heirs objectedEllas McDaniel, Bo Diddley, signed a will in 2006, had a stroke in 2007 and died in 2008 at 79. In 1994 a federal judge had found a former manager siphoned his money for a decade and ruled he was owed $400,000.floridaprobatelawgroup.com and 2 moreWhitey Bulger: Whitey Bulger US Marshals Service Mug12018 · Santa Monica, California, USA; Boston, Massachusetts, USA; HWhitey Bulger hid $822,000 in the walls of his Santa Monica flat, and the Marshals sold his belongings for his victims' familiesJames "Whitey" Bulger fled Boston in 1994 after his FBI handler tipped him that he was about to be indicted. He was on the run for more than 16 years.CBS News and 3 moreDashiell Hammett: Dashiell Hammett 19511961 · New YorkThe US government seized Dashiell Hammett's royalties for back taxes, and after he died Lillian Hellman took control of his copyrightsHammett was jailed in 1951 for refusing to name contributors to a left-wing bail fund. The federal government sued him for back taxes and won a judgment of $140,000. His royalties and all other payments were blocked.London Review of Books and 3 moreAl Capone: "Scarface" Al Capone is shown here at the Chicago Detective bureau following his arrest on a vagrancy charge as Public Enemy No. 1 in this 8 x 10 black & white origi1947 · Palm Island, Miami Beach, Florida, USA; Chicago, Illinois, UAl Capone went to prison for tax evasion and paid every cent, a live TV search for his vault found nothing, and his family sold his pistol for $860,000The Treasury Department built the case that ended Al Capone's career. He was convicted of income tax evasion on 18 October 1931.fbi.gov and 3 moreMeyerlansky: Meyer Lansky, mugshot of New York Police Departement1983 · Miami Beach, Florida, USA; Herzliya, IsraelThe FBI believed Meyer Lansky had $300 million hidden; he died in Miami with less than $35,000 in the bankMeyer Lansky, born in Grodno in 1902, was called the Mob's accountant. He worked with Lucky Luciano and Bugsy Siegel, helped build the Mob's casinos in Las Vegas and Havana, and controlled casinos in the Bahamas and London.themobmuseum.org and 2 moreJosephine Baker: Baker Harcourt 1940 21975 · Paris; Château des Milandes, Dordogne, FranceJosephine Baker barricaded herself in the kitchen of her château when it was sold for her debts, and was carried out to the stepsJosephine Baker fell in love with the Château des Milandes in the Dordogne in the 1930s. She married the bandleader Jo Bouillon in its chapel in 1947.culture.gouv.fr and 3 moreErnie Kovacs: Ernie kovacs 19561962 · Los Angeles, CaliforniaErnie Kovacs's mother sued his widow, Edie Adams, over how she paid his tax debtsErnie Kovacs died in a car crash in Los Angeles on January 13, 1962. Before his death the government had filed tax liens of $232,861.94 against him and his wife, Edie Adams.Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School and 3 more42 avenue Foch Paris: 42, avenue Foch, Paris 16e.2021 · Paris, France, and Malabo, Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea's vice president bought a Paris mansion on a minister's salary, France confiscated it, and the UN court refused to stop the saleTeodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, known as Teodorin, is the son of Teodoro Obiang, who had ruled Equatorial Guinea for about 40 years by 2020.NBC News and 4 morePablo Escobar: Pablo Escobar Mug (cropped)(b)1993 · Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia, ColombiaPablo Escobar's four hippos outlived him, Colombia seized his ranch, and in 2026 the government approved killing their descendantsIn 1978 Pablo Escobar and his cousin Gustavo Gaviria assembled the Hacienda Nápoles, about 3,000 hectares between Medellín and Bogotá, with a private zoo of rhinos, elephants, camels, giraffes, zebras and hippos.minambiente.gov.co and 3 moreGeorge Washington Vanderbilt II: GeorgeVanderbiltII1914 · Washington, D.C.George Vanderbilt's widow sold most of Biltmore's land to the United States, and his grandsons split the house from the dairyGeorge Washington Vanderbilt II, a grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, built Biltmore House near Asheville, North Carolina. His estate reached about 125,000 acres.ncpedia.org and 5 moreThe Queen Mother: Portrait of Queen Elizabeth (1900–2002)2002 · Royal Lodge, Windsor, EnglandThe Queen Mother left her estate to her daughter free of inheritance tax under a 1993 deal between the palace and the TreasuryAfter the 1992 Windsor Castle fire, public anger over who would pay for repairs led the Queen to agree to pay income tax. The 1993 Memorandum of Understanding on Royal Taxation set the terms.GOV.UK and 2 moreErnest Hemingway's home in Havana, Cuba LCCN2010638847: Title: Ernest Hemingway's home in Havana, Cuba Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Heming1961 · San Francisco de Paula, Havana, CubaErnest Hemingway's widow gave his Cuban house to Castro's government in 1961 and shipped his papers and paintings out on a shrimp boatHemingway rented Finca Vigía outside Havana from 1939 and bought it in December 1940 for 12,500 dollars. He wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea there.Smithsonian Magazine and 3 moreHermann Göring: Hermann Goering - Nuremberg 2 (cropped)1946 · Carinhall, Germany; Cologne, Germany; Munich, GermanyHitler was godfather to Göring's daughter, the city of Cologne gave her a Cranach, and she lost the painting in 1968 and her father's estate in 2015Edda Göring was born in Berlin on 2 June 1938, the only child of Hermann Göring and Emmy Sonnemann. At her baptism at Carinhall on 4 November 1938, Adolf Hitler was her godfather.thelocal.de and 2 moreZhang Xueliang: Chang Shueliang2001 · HonoluluZhang Xueliang inherited his murdered father's Manchurian army in 1928 and spent more than 50 years in detentionOn 4 June 1928 a bomb planted by Col. Komoto Daisaku of Japan's Kwantung Army hit warlord Zhang Zuolin's train at Huanggutun near Shenyang. Zhang died a few hours later, and his death was kept secret for more than two weeks.library.columbia.edu and 4 moreJoe Robbie: JoeRobbie1 (cropped)1990 · Miami, FloridaJoe Robbie's nine children sued each other, his widow claimed her 30 percent, and a $47 million tax bill forced the sale of the DolphinsJoe Robbie founded the Dolphins in 1966 and built their stadium with private money. He died in 1990, leaving the team and stadium in trust. Three of his nine children managed the estate.Tampa Bay Times and 2 moreMaurizio Gucci: Maurizio Gucci matrimonio1995 · Via Palestro 20, MilanMaurizio Gucci was shot dead in Milan in 1995 on the order of his ex-wife Patrizia ReggianiIn 1982 Paolo Gucci fell out with his father Aldo and sued him and the company over control of the firm. The suit exposed a tax scheme.UPI and 12 moreKarl Lagerfeld: Fendi store opening - Karl Lagerfeld (14091153382) crop2019 · Paris, FranceKarl Lagerfeld left about €200 million to his assistant, models, his godson and his cat, and seven years later a French tax claim and a will challenge hold itKarl Lagerfeld died of prostate cancer on 19 February 2019. He was unmarried and had no children, and both his sisters had died. He drafted his will in April 2016. It was filed in Monaco and is not public.vol.at and 3 moreBernie Ecclestone: Bernie Ecclestone, São Paulo 2022 (52498924277) (cropped)2009 · London, LiechtensteinBernie Ecclestone put his Formula One shares in his wife's Liechtenstein trust, and the divorce and tax cases followed the trustBernie Ecclestone built Formula One's commercial rights into a business worth billions.hellomagazine.com and 2 moreGiorgio Armani: Giorgio Armani 19972025 · Milan, ItalyGiorgio Armani's will orders his heirs to sell 15 percent of his company to a rival group within 18 monthsGiorgio Armani died on 4 September 2025, aged 91. He had no children. In 2016 he set up the Armani Foundation as the vehicle for his succession. He rewrote his two wills in spring 2025, partly by hand.ksl.com and 2 moreAdolf Hitler: Hitler portrait crop (cropped)(2)1954 · Schwangau, West GermanyHitler paid his field marshals 4,000 Reichsmarks a month and gave Guderian a confiscated Polish estateHitler ran a secret fund called Konto 5, managed by Hans Lammers. It grew from about 150,000 RM in 1933 to about 40 million RM by 1945.journals.uchicago.edu and 3 moreEva Perón: Evita (cropped)1952 · Unzué Palace, Buenos AiresArgentina's military seized Eva Perón's embalmed body and buried it in Milan under a false nameEva Perón, wife of President Juan Perón, died of cancer at 33. The anatomist Pedro Ara embalmed her body. In 1955 the military overthrew Perón.Il Post and 3 moreHenry Pellatt: Sir Henry Mill Pellatt1939 · Mimico, Toronto, in his former chauffeur's houseSir Henry Pellatt built Casa Loma with Home Bank loans, the bank failed, and Toronto took the castle for unpaid taxesHenry Pellatt was a Toronto stockbroker, knighted in 1905, who made money in electric power and Cobalt silver. Work on the main building of Casa Loma, his castle on a Toronto hill, began in late 1909.Dictionary of Canadian Biography and 3 moreMalcolm Forbes: Malcolmforbessr1990 · New York, USA; Saint Petersburg, RussiaMalcolm Forbes spent 25 years buying the tsars' Fabergé eggs, his family sold all nine to a Russian billionaire before the auction, and the US sanctioned the buyer in 2018Alexander III ordered the first imperial Easter egg from Fabergé in 1885 as a gift for his wife. After the October 1917 coup the firm was nationalised and broken up.home.treasury.gov and 5 moreAI illustration: The rooftop test track of the Lingotto factory in Turin2003 · Turin, Italy; Marella's declared residence in SwitzerlaMargherita Agnelli sued her three children over her mother's estate, and Turin prosecutors charged her son John Elkann with tax fraudGianni Agnelli ran Fiat and died on 24 January 2003. Control of the family group sits in Dicembre, a holding company that controls Exor, which holds stakes in Stellantis and Ferrari.news.bgov.com and 6 moreHenry Ford and Charlie the Elephant at Universal City 1916 021947 · Dearborn, MichiganThe Fords put 90% of Ford Motor into a foundation and kept the votes, and Henry Ford II quit its board in 1976Edsel Ford and two executives chartered the Ford Foundation in Michigan on 15 January 1936. Henry Ford's will split his Ford Motor holdings into Class A nonvoting and Class B voting stock.Internet Archive and 3 moreFelix Yusupov: Prince Felix Yusupov1967 · ParisPrince Felix Yusupov sold two Rembrandts to Joseph Widener with a buy-back option, raised the money, and lost them in courtFelix Yusupov became heir in 1908 to one of the largest fortunes in Russia. In December 1916 he and others killed Grigori Rasputin in the family's Moika Palace in Petrograd.Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School and 5 morePiet Mondrian: Piet Mondriaan2021 · New York (Mondrian died 1944)Trustees for the family of Mondrian's heir Harry Holtzman sued the Philadelphia Museum of Art in December 2021 for a painting the Nazis took from a Hanover museum in 1937, valued at over $100 millionPiet Mondrian died in New York in 1944 and named the artist Harry Holtzman his heir. Holtzman died in 1987.govinfo.gov and 2 moreMap of Illinois, marked on the globe2012 · Chicago, Illinois, USAA Chicago man died of cyanide the day after his $1 million lottery check was issued, and his widow and siblings fought over the estateUrooj Khan, 46, owned dry-cleaning businesses in Chicago. In June 2012 he won $1 million on a scratch-off ticket bought at a 7-Eleven. He took a lump sum; the state's check after tax was $424,449.NBC News and 2 moreAI illustration: The beach at Golden Beach, Florida, on a rough day, 19791979 · Golden Beach, FloridaRams owner Carroll Rosenbloom drowned, his widow inherited 70 percent of the team, fired his son and moved the team to St. LouisCarroll Rosenbloom drowned while swimming in the ocean near his Florida home. To use the estate-tax marital deduction, his will gave 70 percent of the Rams to his wife, Georgia, and split 30 percent among his five children.Tampa Bay Times and 3 moreIngvar Kamprad: Ingvar Kamprad Haparanda June 20102018 · Småland, SwedenIngvar Kamprad put IKEA into a Dutch foundation in 1982 that The Economist called the world's richest charity and one of its least generousKamprad founded IKEA in 1943. In 1982, with lawyer Linnea Walsh, he set up the Stichting INGKA Foundation in the Netherlands, with the stated purpose of promoting innovation in architecture and interior design.The Economist and 3 moreAI illustration: Furniture and paintings laid out for auction inside Mentmore Towers, Buckinghamshire, 19771974 · Mentmore Towers, BuckinghamshireThe government refused Mentmore for £2 million, and Sotheby's sold its contents for more than £6 million in 1977Mentmore Towers was built in the 1850s for Baron Mayer de Rothschild and passed to the Earls of Rosebery by marriage. Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery, bred the Derby winner Blue Peter at its stud.Internet Archive and 8 moreIdi Amin: Idi Amin at UN (United Nations, New York)1971 · Kakira, Jinja, UgandaIdi Amin seized the Madhvani sugar estate in 1972; the widow came back to one working tractor, and the heirs split again in 2020Muljibhai Madhvani, born in Porbandar, India, in 1894, bought 800 acres at Kakira, Uganda, in 1918 for a sugar factory. He died at Kakira in July 1958.csmonitor.com and 2 moreIndira Gandhi: Indira Gandhi, Former Prime Minister of the Republic of India2009 · Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaIndira Gandhi's government jailed Jaipur's Rajmata and searched Jaigarh Fort for treasure for five months, and found noneGayatri Devi, widow of Maharaja Man Singh II of Jaipur, sat in Parliament for the opposition Swatantra Party.CaseMine and 5 moreMap of Italy, marked on the globe1984 · RomeLord Brooke sold Warwick Castle to Madame Tussauds for £1.3 million in 1978, ending 374 years of Greville ownershipCharles Greville, 7th Earl of Warwick, was the first British aristocrat offered a Hollywood contract. MGM signed him in 1936 as Michael Brooke and dropped him after six months. His one mainstream film was The Dawn Patrol in 1938.The New York Times and 7 moreJane Stanford: Portrait of Jane Stanford1905 · Moana Hotel, Honolulu, HawaiiJane Stanford, sole funder of Stanford University, died of strychnine in 1905 and the university president said it was natural causesLeland and Jane Stanford founded the university in 1885 in memory of their only child.Internet Archive and 2 moreKim Jung-ju: Kim Jung-ju presenting in 2016 (cropped)2022 · Seoul, South Korea (died in the United States)Nexon founder Kim Jung-ju's family paid inheritance tax with 29.3 percent of his holding company, and the government could not find a buyerKim Jung-ju founded Nexon. He died in the United States in February 2022, aged 54.Korea JoongAng Daily and 2 moreAI illustration: Shoppers outside a grocery shop on an Essen street, early 1970s2012 · Essen, GermanyAldi's Theo Albrecht was ransomed for 7 million marks, and his son's widow fought the family foundation for a decadeOn 29 November 1971 the lawyer Heinz-Joachim Ollenburg and the safe-cracker Paul Kron kidnapped Aldi Nord founder Theo Albrecht outside the company offices in Herten. He was held 17 days.iww.de and 7 moreSheikh Hasina: Prime Minister and Leader of the House Sheikh Hasina attended the first meeting of the "Business Advisory Committee" of the 12th Jatiya Sangsad in the permanent comm2025 · Dhaka, BangladeshA mob demolished the house where Sheikh Hasina's father was killed, and a tribunal sentenced her to death in absentia and ordered her assets confiscatedSheikh Hasina is the daughter of Bangladesh's founding leader, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He and most of his family were killed at their house, Dhanmondi 32 in Dhaka, in a military coup on 15 August 1975.newsonair.gov.in and 2 moreRoger Casement-Grave in Glasnevin: Roger Casement-Grave in Glasnevin1916 · Pentonville Prison, London; Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin, IrelBritain hanged Roger Casement in 1916 and buried him in quicklime, returned him to Dublin in 1965 on condition he stay out of the North, and in October 2026 his supporters applied to move himRoger Casement was put ashore at Banna Strand, County Kerry, on 21 April 1916 and arrested with malaria at an old fort nearby. His trial for high treason opened on 26 June 1916 at the Royal Courts of Justice.irishnews.com and 2 moreVasily Grossman: Grossman V.S1964 · Moscow, RussiaThe KGB seized Vasily Grossman's novel and every draft in 1961, and the FSB gave the papers to a state archive in 2013, not to his heirsVasily Grossman was a Soviet war correspondent and novelist. On 14 February 1961 the KGB seized the manuscripts, first drafts and typed copies of his novel Life and Fate, to avoid another Pasternak affair.daily.jstor.org and 2 moreLicio Gelli: Licio Gelli in paramenti2015 · Villa Wanda, Arezzo, Italy; Castiglion Fibocchi, ItalyPolice found the P2 lodge's 962 names in Licio Gelli's factory in 1981, and after he died prosecutors asked a court to confiscate his villa from a dead manLicio Gelli led Propaganda 2, a covert lodge of the Grande Oriente d'Italia.Il Post and 3 moreWindow in the Roper Chapel of St. Dunstan's Church, Canterbury - geograph.org.uk - 3072341: Window in the Roper Chapel of St. Dunstan's Church, Canterbury1535 · Tower Hill, London; St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, EnHenry VIII beheaded Thomas More and took the family's property, and his daughter bribed a man for his head, which a Canterbury parish voted in 2025 to dig upThomas More, Henry VIII's former Lord Chancellor, refused the oaths required by the Acts of Succession and Supremacy of 1534. He was convicted of treason and beheaded on 6 July 1535.canterbury-archaeology.org.uk and 4 moreMobutu Sese Seko: Mobutu (cropped)1997 · Rabat, MoroccoSwitzerland released Mobutu Sese Seko's frozen money to his heirs, and his body stays in RabatMobutu Sese Seko ruled Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, until rebels forced him into exile in May 1997. He built a palace at Gbadolite, his home town. He died in exile in Rabat on 7 September 1997, aged 66.swissinfo.ch and 7 moreWoburn Abbey, where the story took place1953 · Endsleigh estate, DevonThe 12th Duke of Bedford was found shot in 1953, and the son he had cut off opened Woburn Abbey to paying visitors to meet a £4.5 million tax debtHerbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford, did not speak to his son Hastings for 20 years. The two still worked on plans to shield the Bedford fortune from British tax.bedsarchives.bedford.gov.uk and 7 moreEmiliano Zapata: Emiliano Zapata41919 · Anenecuilco, Morelos, MexicoAnenecuilco gave Zapata its colonial land titles in 1909; the man he left them to was killed in a land fight with Zapata's sonIn 1909 the elders of Anenecuilco elected Emiliano Zapata, then 30, president of the village council. The village kept colonial-era papers on its land to use against the sugar haciendas.inehrm.gob.mx and 2 moreMax Liebermann: Hilsdorf, Jacob - Max Liebermann (Zeno Fotografie)1935 · BerlinMax Liebermann's widow Martha killed herself in March 1943 as police came to deport her, and in 2025 a Dutch committee advised returning a Liebermann drawing from the Rijksmuseum to her heirsMax Liebermann left his studio and collection to his wife Martha. In December 1938 she surrendered silver and jewellery and was barred from the family house on Pariser Platz.Dutch Restitutions Committee and 3 moreAI illustration: A small private bank building with an unmarked facade in Vaduz below Liechtenstein's castle2008 · Bochum, GermanyDeutsche Post's chief hid money in a Liechtenstein foundation, a bank clerk sold the data, and he was convicted in 2009Klaus Zumwinkel ran Deutsche Post from 1990 to 2008 and sat on the board of trustees of the Bertelsmann Stiftung from 2001 to 2004. On 14 February 2008 investigators raided his home on suspicion of evading about €1 million in tax.Der Spiegel and 2 moreAI illustration: A painting crated and sealed in a New York museum storeroom, 19981969 · LondonA Schiele portrait lent to MoMA was seized in New York as Nazi loot, and the Vienna museum paid the owner's heirs $19 million to keep itEgon Schiele painted Portrait of Wally in 1912. Lea Bondi Jaray, a Jewish art dealer in Vienna, owned it.The New York Times and 3 moreAI illustration: Compton Place, Eastbourne, the house where the 10th Duke of Devonshire died in 19501950 · Compton Place, Eastbourne, SussexThe 10th Duke of Devonshire died in 1950 before his tax plan matured, and his heirs took 17 years to pay 80 percent death dutyEdward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, owned Chatsworth, Hardwick Hall, Bolton Abbey, Lismore Castle in Ireland and about 83,000 acres in Derbyshire alone.chatsworth.org and 5 moreAlfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach: Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach1967 · Essen, West GermanyAlfried Krupp was convicted at Nuremberg, got his property back in 1951, and left the firm to a foundation instead of his sonAlfried Krupp became sole owner of the Essen arms maker in 1943. On 1 January 1943 the firm employed about 25,000 prisoners of war, foreign civilians and forced labourers; historians put the wartime total at 100,000 or more.krupp-stiftung.de and 6 moreAldrich Ames Drop Site Mailbox: USPS mail collection box used to communicate meeting requests between Soviet intelligence handlers and U.S. Government employee Aldrich Ames. This F2026 · Arlington, Virginia, USA; federal prison, Maryland, USACIA officer Aldrich Ames paid cash for a $540,000 house on a salary under $70,000; he and his wife forfeited the proceeds, and she went to prison while their son lived in BogotáAldrich Ames worked in CIA counterintelligence against the Soviet Union. From 1985 he gave the KGB the names of Western agents. By 1 May 1989 the KGB had paid him more than $1.8 million and set aside another $900,000.irp.fas.org and 3 moreCitgo Aruba Oil refinery San Nicolas Aruba: Citgo Aruba Oil Refinery San Nicolas Aruba2025 · Wilmington, Delaware, USA, and Caracas, VenezuelaVenezuela seized foreign oil projects in 2007, and a Delaware judge ordered its US refiner Citgo sold for $5.9 billion to pay the claimsIn 2007 Venezuela expropriated three ConocoPhillips oil projects during Hugo Chávez's nationalisations. A World Bank tribunal (ICSID) awarded ConocoPhillips $8.75 billion, and a US judge upheld the award in August 2022.Al Jazeera and 3 moreCash from LEWIS drop site-Hanssen case: Pieniądze zostawione przez agenta SVR dla R. Hanssena2023 · Vienna, Virginia, USA; ADX Florence, Colorado, USAFBI spy Robert Hanssen forfeited $1.4 million from Moscow and his pension, and his plea deal left his wife the house, three cars and a survivor annuityRobert Hanssen was an FBI counterintelligence agent. Around 1980 his wife, Bonnie, found that he was dealing with the Soviets. He told her he was feeding them false information. She made him confess to an Opus Dei priest, the Rev.justice.gov and 3 moreAI illustration: A power strip assembly line in a Chicago factory2022 · Chicago, IllinoisBarre Seid gave his company to a new 501(c)(4) run by Leonard Leo, a $1.6 billion political gift that avoided up to $400 million in taxBarre Seid ran Tripp Lite, a Chicago maker of surge protectors and data-center equipment, for more than half a century and owned 100% of it. His income reached about $157 million in 2018, ProPublica reported from tax records.propublica.org and 2 moreCambodge-1223: Les vestiges du Prasat Krachap, un des temples du site de Koh Ker - Cambodge2020 · Bangkok, Thailand; Koh Ker, Cambodia; New York, USAA Bangkok dealer died under US indictment for selling looted Khmer statues, and his daughter gave the 125 pieces she inherited back to CambodiaDouglas Latchford lived in Bangkok and was for decades a leading supplier of Cambodian sculpture to Western museums and collectors. He published books on Khmer art and was feted by Cambodian officials.ice.gov and 4 moreAI illustration: Framed and unframed artworks stacked in a Munich flat, 20122014 · MunichA recluse found with 1,406 artworks in his Munich flat left them all to a Swiss museum, and his cousin said he was not of sound mindCornelius Gurlitt's father, Hildebrand Gurlitt, was a museum director and art dealer who sold Nazi-looted art. Cornelius inherited the collection after his mother died in 1968.Internet Archive and 4 moreEdith Windsor: Edie Windsor DC Pride 20172009 · New York City, New York, USAEdith Windsor paid $363,053 in estate tax because the United States did not recognise her marriage to Thea Spyer, and the Supreme Court struck the law downEdith Windsor met Thea Spyer, a psychologist, in New York in 1963. In 1967 Spyer proposed with a diamond pin instead of a ring, so that no one would ask questions the couple could not answer.Cornell Law School, LII and 2 moreMap of California, marked on the globe2008 · California, USAA son used his dying mother's power of attorney to move $10 million into a partnership and a charity trust a week before she died, and the Tax Court undid itNancy Powell was terminally ill and incapacitated in August 2008. Her son Jeffrey held her power of attorney, which allowed gifts only up to the federal annual exclusion.currentfederaltaxdevelopments.com and 2 moreGeneral Yamashita Surrenders: General Yamashita, Commander, Japanese forces, ‘Tiger of Malaya,” and his staff walk down the trail to U.S. forces in northern Luzon, occupied by Co ‘1993 · Baguio City, Philippines; Honolulu, Hawaii, USAA Baguio locksmith said Marcos's men seized his golden Buddha, and a Hawaii jury valued the gold he never got back at $22 billionRogelio Roxas was a locksmith and treasure hunter in Baguio City. He searched for the "Yamashita treasure", war loot that legend says Japanese troops under General Tomoyuki Yamashita buried in the Philippines in 1945.Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School and 4 moreDowntown Bentonville at Blue Hour: Terry Block Building and Walton 5&10 in downtown Bentonville, Arkansas at blue hour1993 · Washington, D.C., USA (US Tax Court)Audrey Walton put about $200 million of Wal-Mart stock into two trusts reported as gifts worth nothing, and the Tax Court ruled for her against the IRSAudrey J. Walton was the former wife of the brother of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. In 1990 Congress replaced a trust it had called abusive with the grantor retained annuity trust, or GRAT.irs.gov and 2 moreCodexLeicester: Ghezzi-Coke-Hammer-Gates Kodeks1990 · England; Los Angeles, California, USADeath duties forced an earl's family to sell Leonardo's notebook in 1980, and a widow's niece's lawsuit forced its next owner's museum to sell it againLeonardo da Vinci filled a notebook with studies of water and the moon in the years after 1508. Thomas Coke, later the first Earl of Leicester, bought it in 1717 and kept it at the family estate.history.com and 2 more1907 Saint-Gaudens double eagle high relief obverse: Obverse of 1907 high relief Saint-Gaudens double eagle1990 · Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAA jeweller's daughter found ten 1933 gold double eagles in his safe-deposit box, handed them to the Mint to authenticate, and the government kept themIn 1933 the Philadelphia Mint struck 445,500 Saint-Gaudens $20 gold pieces. Roosevelt's orders that spring stopped banks paying out gold, and none were issued. By 1937 all were supposed to have been melted.cdn.sanity.io and 3 moreMarc Chagall: Shagal Choumoff1985 · Saint-Paul-de-Vence, FranceChagall's heirs paid his death duties with 46 paintings and 406 drawings, and his granddaughters' committee seized a £100,000 fake to destroy itMarc Chagall died on 28 March 1985, aged 97. His heirs were his widow Valentina "Vava" Brodsky, his daughter Ida by his first wife Bella, and his son David McNeil by Virginia Haggard.centrepompidou.fr and 5 moreSamuel Newhouse: Undated photo of Samuel Newhouse, business person in the mining industry1979 · Staten Island, New York, USAThe IRS valued Samuel Newhouse's newspaper shares at $1.32 billion and sought a $305 million fraud penalty, and the Tax Court sided with his sonsSamuel I. Newhouse bought the Staten Island Advance in 1922 and built it into Advance Publications, a private newspaper and magazine company. He died on 29 August 1979.case-law.vlex.com and 2 moreLobkowicz family: Lobkowitz-fuerstliches-Wappen1967 · Dover, MassachusettsThe Lobkowicz family lost its castles to the Nazis in 1939 and the Communists in 1948, and a grandson spent 12 years recovering the Prague palaceMax Lobkowicz, born at Bílina in 1888, headed the Roudnice line of the family. He left for London before the German occupation of 15 March 1939 and from June 1942 was ambassador of the Czechoslovak government in exile to Britain.zakonyprolidi.cz and 9 moreAlberto Giacometti: Title [Giacometti] PK-F-A.06801 Creator/other Andriesse, Emmy (1914-1953) Shelfmark PK-F-A.06801 Subject (topical) PortraitsMen (male humans)ArtistsSculptors Su1966 · Chur, SwitzerlandA forger sold about 1,300 fake Giacometti sculptures over ten years, German police seized more than 1,150 suspect works in 2009, and a Stuttgart court gave dealers two-year suspended sentencesAlberto Giacometti died in 1966 without children. His widow Annette set up the Giacometti Association in 1986 as a placeholder until the foundation named in his will could exist. She died in 1993.The Art Newspaper and 3 moreStatue of a Victorious Youth, front - Getty Museum (77.AB.30): Ancient Greek bronze sculpture in the Getty Villa1964 · Adriatic Sea off Pedaso and Fano, Italy; Malibu, California,Italian fishermen netted a Greek bronze in 1964, Italy's courts acquitted the sellers, and decades later ordered it confiscated from the GettyIn 1964 Italian fishermen pulled a Greek bronze of a victorious young athlete from the Adriatic and brought it to Fano. It was sold on.lagen.nu and 3 moreOregon Supreme Court Building circa 1922: Oregon Supreme Court Building in Salem. From: Carey, Charles Henry. (1922). History of Oregon. Pioneer Historical Publishing Co.1962 · Oregon, USA; East GermanyOregon claimed a dead woman's estate because her only heirs lived in East Germany, and the Supreme Court ruled in 1968 that a state cannot run its own Cold War through probateAn Oregon resident, Pauline Schrader, died without a will in 1962. Her only heirs, including Oswald Zschernig, lived in East Germany.Cornell Law School, LII and 3 moreBaghdad Synagogue: Meir Tweig Synagogue or Meir Taweig or Meir Tweg Synagogue in Baghdad, Iraq1951 · Baghdad, Iraq; Washington, D.C., USAIraq took the property of the Jews who left in 1951, US troops found their community's books in a flooded secret-police basement in 2003, and the books have stayed in AmericaOn 9 March 1950 Iraq's parliament passed a law letting Jews leave if they gave up their citizenship and their right to return. About 125,000 of some 135,000 Iraqi Jews were airlifted to Israel in 1950 and 1951.jns.org and 3 moreAI illustration: Opencast coal mining dug up to the lawns of Wentworth Woodhouse, Yorkshire, 19471948 · Saint-Bauzile, Ardèche, FranceThe government ordered opencast mining up to Wentworth Woodhouse, and the Fitzwilliam earldom ended in 1979Wentworth Woodhouse in South Yorkshire has more than 300 rooms and an east front of 618 feet, the longest of any English country house. The Earls Fitzwilliam owned it and the coal under it.wentworthwoodhouse.org.uk and 6 moreReza Pahlavi: رضا پهلوی در گفتگو با سیامک دهقانپور از صدای آمریکا، تیر ۱۴۰۳ 02 (cropped)1944 · Johannesburg, South Africa; Cairo, Egypt; Rey (Tehran), IranRevolutionaries demolished Reza Shah's mausoleum in 1980 and could not find his body, and a mummified body turned up on the site in 2018Reza Shah ruled Iran from 1925. He became the richest man in the country through forced sales and confiscations of estates, and on abdication he reportedly left his heir about £3 million and more than 3 million acres.Encyclopaedia Britannica and 3 moreAI illustration: The rotunda of Ickworth House, Suffolk1999 · Little Horringer Hall, Ickworth estate, SuffolkThe 7th Marquess of Bristol spent a fortune of up to £35 million on drugs and died at 44 after selling the Ickworth leaseJohn Hervey was born at Ickworth House in Suffolk in 1954, the only child of the 6th Marquess of Bristol.nationaltrust.org.uk and 5 moreKarl Wilhelm Naundorff: Naundorff11845 · Delft, NetherlandsKarl Wilhelm Naundorff sued the Bourbons as the lost son of Louis XVI, and DNA from the boy's heart ended the claim in 2000Louis-Charles, son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, died in the Temple prison in Paris on 8 June 1795, aged 10. At the autopsy the physician Philippe-Jean Pelletan took his heart.Wikipedia (English) and 2 moreChun Doo-hwan: Chun Doo-hwan (전두환) Presidential Portrait2021 · Yeonhui-dong, Seodaemun-gu, SeoulSouth Korea could not collect 86.7 billion won of Chun Doo-hwan's forfeiture after he diedIn 1997 the Supreme Court confirmed Chun Doo-hwan's life sentence and ordered him to forfeit 220.5 billion won. He was pardoned in December 1997, but the forfeiture stayed in force.The Korea Herald and 8 moreAI illustration: A white stucco townhouse on Cadogan Place, Belgravia, London, 20122012 · Cadogan Place, Belgravia, LondonA Tetra Pak heir kept his wife's body in their London house for two monthsRuben Rausing founded Tetra Pak in Sweden. His sons Gad and Hans ran it together. Hans moved to Britain in 1982 to avoid Swedish tax. In 1995 Hans sold his half to Gad for an estimated $7 billion. Gad died on 28 January 2000.Forbes and 7 moreAuguste Rodin: Auguste Rodin by George Charles Beresford (NPG x6573)1917 · Meudon, FranceRodin gave all his works and reproduction rights to France in 1916, and the Musee Rodin spent 18 years in court over about 1,700 casts it called fakesIn 1916, the year before his death, Auguste Rodin gave the French state all his plaster, marble, bronze and stone works, his drawings, his antiquities and his intellectual property rights.musee-rodin.fr and 3 moreArno Nadel Fritz Grünbaum: Arno Nadel Fritz Grünbaum1941 · Dachau, Germany; Vienna, Austria; New York, USAFritz Grünbaum died at Dachau owning about 70 Schieles; his heirs won them back in New York, then one heir sued Christie's over the restFritz Grünbaum, a Vienna cabaret star, owned several hundred artworks, including about 70 by Egon Schiele. In 1938 he and his wife Lilly tried to flee and were caught.paw.princeton.edu and 2 moreUBS Headquarters, Zurich (Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited) 01: UBS Headquarters, Zurich (Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited)1939 · Zurich, Switzerland; Brooklyn, New York, USASwitzerland made bank secrecy a crime in 1934, and the night guard who took bank files from a UBS shredder in 1997 had to seek asylum in the United StatesSwiss banks long said the 1934 bank secrecy law was written to protect money deposited by Jews persecuted by the Nazis. Historian Sébastien Guex of the University of Lausanne calls that account propaganda.daily.jstor.org and 3 moreAI illustration: Claimants to the Garrett estate queue to file at Philadelphia City Hall, 1930s1930 · Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaA Philadelphia widow left $17 million and no will, and 26,000 people claimed to be her heirsHenrietta E. Garrett, born Schaeffer, died intestate as to a residuary estate of over $17,000,000. Nearly 26,000 claims were filed in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia County by people saying they were her next of kin.Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School and 2 moreVon Dervis Mansion Exhibition 1902 - Third Imperial Egg magnified: The Third Imperial Fabergé Easter Egg displayed among Marie Feodorovna's Fabergé treasures in the Von Dervis Mans1917 · Moscow, Russia; New York, USA; London, UKThe Bolsheviks sold the tsars' Fabergé eggs abroad, and one sold in New York in 1964 as a gold watch turned up with a man who had bought it for scrapAt Easter 1887 Alexander III gave his wife, Maria Feodorovna, a gold egg made in Fabergé's workshop by August Holmström. Inside was a lady's watch by Vacheron Constantin. In the revolution the Bolsheviks confiscated it.vam.ac.uk and 3 moreHarpur-Crewe baronets: Calke Abbey house1981 · Calke Abbey, Ticknall, Derbyshire, EnglandCharles Harpur-Crewe died in 1981, an £8 million tax bill fell on Calke Abbey, and the house went to the nation with everything in itThe Harpur family held Calke in Derbyshire from the 17th century. Their baronetcy ended with Sir Vauncey Harpur Crewe in 1924. The last generations were reclusive and kept nearly everything they bought.UK Parliament, Hansard and 5 moreAI illustration: Crated paintings in a Paris art gallery on the Rue La Boétie, 20012001 · ParisDaniel Wildenstein's widow said his sons hid the art fortune in trusts, and France prosecuted the heir for tax fraudDaniel Wildenstein ran the family art dealership until his death in 2001. His widow, Sylvia Roth, was told by his sons Guy and Alec that inheritance taxes would bankrupt her unless she signed away her rights.Artnet News and 2 moreNajib Razak: Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib Tun Razak2025 · Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, MalaysiaNajib Razak's stepson made The Wolf of Wall Street with money from Malaysia's state fund, and Najib was given 15 more years in prisonNajib Razak, the son of a prominent political family, set up the state fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad soon after becoming prime minister in 2009 and chaired its advisory board.jamaica-gleaner.com and 3 moreChâteau Mouton Rothschild, where the story took place1945 · Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac, Gironde, France; RavensVichy expropriated the Rothschild vineyards at Pauillac, and Philippe de Rothschild's wife died at Ravensbrück before Mouton came back to the familyNathaniel de Rothschild bought the Brane-Mouton vineyard in Pauillac in 1853 and renamed it Mouton Rothschild. The 1855 Bordeaux classification left it out of the first growths.The New York Times and 4 moreAI illustration: The harbour of Monaco at dusk, late 1970s1979 · The London Clinic, LondonCharles Clore moved to Monaco to avoid tax, and the Revenue proved after his death that he was still EnglishSir Charles Clore built Sears and the British Shoe Corporation and was worth almost £100 million. In 1976 he retired and moved to Monaco.uniset.ca and 5 moreMausoleum of General Sani Abacha in Kano1998 · AbujaFour governments returned more than $780 million of General Sani Abacha's money to NigeriaA November 1998 report by the next military government said about $1.4 billion in cash had been moved out through national security adviser Ismaila Gwarzo and Mohammed Sada.justice.gov and 3 moreLee Kun-hee: Lee Kun-Hee2020 · SeoulSamsung chairman Lee Kun-hee's heirs paid 12 trillion won in inheritance tax, the largest in Korean historyLee Kun-hee led Samsung for more than three decades. He was convicted in 2008 and pardoned in 2009. He had a heart attack in May 2014 and was in hospital until his death at 78.khan.co.kr and 3 moreAdolf Hitler: Hitler portrait crop (cropped)(2)1951 · Martínez, near Buenos AiresFritz Thyssen paid for Hitler's rise, lost his fortune to him in 1939, survived the camps and emigrated on his book royaltiesFritz Thyssen, son of the steel magnate August Thyssen, chaired the supervisory board of Vereinigte Stahlwerke until 1939. Postwar investigators found he had given 650,000 Reichsmarks to right-wing parties, mostly the Nazis.ifz-muenchen.de and 4 moreJacques Goudstikker: Jacques Goudstikker (1938)1940 · aboard the SS Bodegraven, English ChannelJacques Goudstikker died fleeing the Nazis, Göring took his paintings, and the Netherlands returned 202 of them in 2006Jacques Goudstikker was a Jewish art dealer in Amsterdam whose firm held more than 1,200 works. On 14 May 1940, as Germany invaded, he fled with his wife Dési and their son on the SS Bodegraven.cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov and 2 moreAI illustration: The overgrown Tatoi Palace in the forest north of Athens2023 · Athens, GreeceGreece took its exiled king's palaces without payment, and the European Court ordered €13.7 million in compensationConstantine II became King of the Hellenes in 1964. After a failed counter-coup against the military junta in December 1967 he left for Rome.Wikipedia (English)AI illustration: Longleat House, Wiltshire2020 · Longleat, Wiltshire; Bristol Business and Property CourtsThe Marquess of Bath's trustees asked the High Court in 2026 to let his surrogate-born son into the Longleat trustsHenry Thynne, 6th Marquess of Bath, inherited Longleat in 1946 with about £700,000 in death duties. In 1949 he opened it as the first stately home in Britain run as a commercial attraction.The National Archives, Find Case Law and 3 moreAI illustration: A bank head office on the Avenida da Liberdade, Lisbon, 20142020 · LisbonBanco Espírito Santo collapsed in 2014 and its chief Ricardo Salgado was sentenced to eight yearsJosé Maria do Espírito Santo e Silva began trading lottery tickets, currency and securities in Lisbon in 1869. His heirs built Banco Espírito Santo.observador.pt and 9 moreMain front of Lednice Castle 4800 Planar 3: Main front of Lednice Castle2020 · Lednice and Valtice, Czech Republic; Cologne, Germany; StrasCzechoslovakia seized the Prince of Liechtenstein's estates as German property in 1945, and when one of his paintings was lent to Cologne, every court turned him awayThe princely house of Liechtenstein held estates in Bohemia and Moravia, including the Lednice and Valtice chateaux, now a UNESCO site.icj-cij.org and 3 moreCaravaggio: Italian: Ritratto di bitto Portrait of Caravaggiotitle QS:P1476,it:"Ritratto di bitto "label QS:Lit,"Ritratto di bitto "2018 · RomeA Texas-born princess was evicted from the Roman villa with Caravaggio's only mural after six auctions drew no bidsThe Casino dell'Aurora is the last surviving building of Rome's Villa Ludovisi. Its ceiling holds Caravaggio's only known mural, Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto, and Guercino's Aurora.artribune.com and 6 moreGerald Grosvenor: The 6th Duke of Westminster2016 · Royal Preston Hospital, LancashireThe 6th Duke of Westminster's £9 billion estate passed in trust to his 25-year-old son over three daughtersThe Grosvenors got their London land when Sir Thomas Grosvenor married Mary Davies, a scrivener's daughter, in 1677. It became Mayfair and Belgravia.The Guardian and 7 moreCurt Engelhorn: Bust of Curt Engelhorn in Deutsches Museum2016 · Augsburg, Germany, and Gstaad, Bern, SwitzerlandCurt Engelhorn sold Boehringer Mannheim to Roche with no German tax paid, two of his daughters were arrested, and the family settled for €135 million to €145 millionCurt Engelhorn, a great-grandson of BASF founder Friedrich Engelhorn, ran Boehringer Mannheim from the late 1950s and moved its holding company, Corange, to Bermuda in the 1980s.bayern.landtag.de and 4 moreJosé María Ruiz-Mateos: Jose María Ruiz-Mateos2015 · El Puerto de Santa María, CádizSpain seized José María Ruiz-Mateos's Rumasa group by decree in 1983, and his second group collapsed in 2011José María Ruiz-Mateos founded Rumasa in 1961 on a sherry supply deal with Harveys of Bristol. By 1983 it held about 700 companies, including banks, hotels and the Galerías Preciados stores, and employed about 60,000 people.europapress.es and 6 moreYves Saint Laurent: Graphite and Egg Tempera on Canvas2008 · Paris, FranceYves Saint Laurent signed a civil union days before he died, and his collection sale included two bronze heads looted from Beijing in 1860Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé founded his couture house and were partners for 50 years. Days before Saint Laurent died in Paris on 1 June 2008, aged 71, the two men signed a PACS, a French civil partnership, at his home.lalibre.be and 7 moreAntónio Champalimaud: Retrato de António Champalimaud, obra de 2015 de Júlio Pomar, gravada em coluna de betão na esplanada do Centro Champalimaud, em Lisboa2004 · LisbonPortugal vetoed António Champalimaud's bank deal with Santander until Brussels overruled it for the first timeAntónio Champalimaud built a cement, steel, banking and insurance group under Salazar. His family fought over money for decades.European Commission and 10 moreDiana, Princess of Wales: Diana, Princess of Wales 1997 (2)1997 · Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FrancePrincess Diana's executors changed her will after her death and gave each godchild one item instead of a quarter of her possessionsCharles and Diana separated in 1992 and divorced on 28 August 1996. She received a lump sum reported at about £17 million and lost the style Her Royal Highness. A year later she died in a car crash in Paris.Wikipedia (English) and 1 moreAI illustration: A sealed case of royal jewels on a shelf in a Bank of Italy vault, Rome1983 · Geneva, SwitzerlandItaly's crown jewels have sat in a Bank of Italy vault since 1946, and a Rome court ruled in 2025 they belong to the stateUmberto II reigned for 34 days in 1946 before Italians voted for a republic.wantedinrome.com and 2 moreAI illustration: Whaling factory ships moored at Sandefjord, Norway, 1950s1982 · Sandefjord, NorwayWhaling magnate Anders Jahre denied owning a fortune abroad, and Norway spent 30 years after his death recovering about 1 billion kronerAnders Jahre founded his shipping company in 1922 and the Kosmos whaling companies from 1928. He funded about half of Sandefjord's city hall and two foundations at the University of Oslo.snl.no and 4 moreBodenreform-Urkunde-1945-1947: Bodenreformurkunde 1947 (weil Saatzuchtgut erst verspätet)1976 · Saxony-Anhalt, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and Brandenburg, GEast Germany gave Junker land to new farmers in 1945, and reunified Germany took it back from their heirs without compensationIn September 1945 the Soviet occupation zone confiscated every holding over 100 hectares.menschenrechte.ac.at and 1 moreSaid bin Taimur in the United Kingdom - 1939: A picture of the 13th Sultan of Muscat and Oman, and the poet Hilal bin Badr (right) and Abd al-Mun'im al-Zawawi (left) before him1972 · Salalah, Oman; London, EnglandOman's sultan was counting his money when his son demanded his abdication in 1970; he fired a pistol, signed, and flew to London that nightSaid bin Taimur ruled Oman from 1932. He kept the country poor under an austerity programme and barred emigrants from coming home.meforum.org and 3 moreAI illustration: Opened and emptied safe-deposit boxes in a Budapest bank vault, 19451958 · Lausanne, SwitzerlandBaron Ferenc Hatvany came out of hiding in 1945 to find his Budapest bank vaults emptied, and a British panel recommended a looted Constable be returned to his heirsFerenc Hatvany, born in Budapest in 1881, built a collection of French and Hungarian paintings. After Allied bombing began in 1942 he put most of it in Budapest bank vaults.assets.publishing.service.gov.uk and 4 morePhilippe Pétain: Pétain - portrait photographique1951 · Port-Joinville, Île d'Yeu, FrancePétain's property was confiscated in 1945 and his coffin was stolen from Île d'Yeu in 1973The High Court tried Philippe Pétain from 23 July to 15 August 1945. It sentenced him to death, national indignity and confiscation of his property. De Gaulle commuted the sentence to life imprisonment on 17 August 1945.ina.fr and 3 moreAI illustration: Český Krumlov Castle, the Schwarzenberg seat taken by Czechoslovakia under a 1947 law1950 · Bordighera, ItalyCzechoslovakia passed a law to take one family's estate, and the Schwarzenberg heirs have lost every claim to it sinceAdolf Schwarzenberg owned the Hluboká estate in South Bohemia. He opposed the Nazis, and in 1940 they seized the family property. In 1945 the Beneš decrees were applied to it on the ground that he was ethnic German.hrlibrary.umn.edu and 6 moreAI illustration: The Hotel Metropole in Vienna under armed guard, 1938, where Louis de Rothschild was held1955 · Montego Bay, JamaicaThe Nazis held Louis de Rothschild hostage in Vienna in 1938 and released him for the family's assetsLouis de Rothschild ran the Vienna bank S M von Rothschild, the Creditanstalt and the family's Austrian industries, including the Vitkovice ironworks in Moravia.jta.org and 6 moreMap of Cuba, marked on the globe1959 · Cárdenas, CubaCuba seized the Arechabala family's Havana Club rum company in 1959, and the family's lapsed US trademark has been in court ever sinceThe Arechabala family founded José Arechabala S.A. in Cárdenas in 1878. It made Havana Club rum and registered the mark in the United States in 1935.congress.gov and 2 moreWilliam Vestey, 1st Baron Vestey: Baron Vestey LCCN20147182891940 · Gerrards Cross, BuckinghamshireThe Vestey meat brothers left Britain over income tax, set up a Paris trust and bought a peerageWilliam and Edmund Vestey of Liverpool built a chain from Argentine ranches through Blue Star refrigerated ships to 2,365 British butcher shops. Wartime income tax rose, and Lloyd George refused them an exemption.The Gazette and 7 moreJuan Vicente Gómez: Gómez, 1928 restored1935 · Maracay, Aragua, VenezuelaVenezuela confiscated dictator Juan Vicente Gómez's fortune after his death in 1935, after first letting more than 90 relatives leave with moneyJuan Vicente Gómez ruled Venezuela from 1908 until his death in 1935. Historian Doug Yarrington writes that he took control of key areas of the economy, drew wealth from Venezuelans and handed resources to favourites.history.colostate.edu and 3 moreAI illustration: William the Conqueror's funeral at Caen, 1087, stopped by a man claiming the church stood on his father's land1087 · Priory of Saint-Gervais, RouenWilliam the Conqueror's funeral stopped when a man said the church stood on his father's stolen landWilliam was injured against the pommel of his saddle while taking the town of Mantes in July 1087.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 morePolish: Portret Henryka Benedykta Stuarta Portrait of Henry Benedict Stuarttitle QS:P1476,pl:"Portret Henryka Benedykta : Polish: Portret Henryka Benedykta Stuarta Portrait of Henr1807 · Frascati, Lazio, ItalyThe last Stuart heir lost his fortune to the French, lived on a pension from George III, and left the Stuart jewels to the Prince of WalesHenry Benedict Stuart, Cardinal York, was the grandson of the deposed King James II. When his brother Charles Edward died in 1788, he took the title Henry IX. He lost his French church incomes in the Revolution.col.rct.uk and 3 moreBlas Infante 1910: Blas Infante in 19101936 · Seville, SpainFranco's side shot Blas Infante in 1936, a tribunal fined him 2,000 pesetas in 1940, and his widow paidBlas Infante led the movement for Andalusian self-government. In August 1936, weeks into the Civil War, rebels took him from his home in Coria del Río near Seville. His daughter María de los Ángeles was six.publico.es and 3 moreWalter Raleigh: Walter Ralegh title QS:P1476,en:"Walter Ralegh "label QS:Len,"Walter Ralegh "1618 · Old Palace Yard, WestminsterJames I gave Walter Raleigh's Sherborne estate to his favourite over a missing phrase in a trust deed, and Raleigh's widow kept his embalmed head for 29 yearsElizabeth I gave Walter Raleigh the lease of Sherborne in Dorset in 1592 and the freehold in 1599. Raleigh put the estate in trust so it would pass to his eldest son, Wat.Smithsonian Magazine and 5 moreChâteau de Chambord LCCN20176597811883 · Château de Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, FranceFrance seized Chambord in 1915 because its owner served Austria, while his half-brothers, who fought for the Allies, sued him for a bigger shareIn 1821 a national subscription bought Chambord for the infant Duke of Bordeaux, born months after his father, the Duc de Berry, was assassinated.chambord.org and 6 moreAli Pasha of Yanina: Portrait of Ali Pasha1822 · Pandeleimon Monastery, IoanninaThe Ottoman state killed Ali Pasha of Ioannina in 1822 and confiscated more than 950 farmsAli Pasha ruled Ioannina and much of Epirus for decades. The Ottoman government declared him a rebel in 1820.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr and 2 moreAugusto Pinochet: Augusto Pinochet foto oficial(b)2006 · Santiago, ChileChile's Supreme Court forfeited Pinochet's assets in 2018 after the US Senate exposed his Riggs Bank accountsAugusto Pinochet ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990.latercera.com and 2 moreMarcus Aurelius: Portrait of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (type III). Roman artwork of the Antonine period. Discovered at Acqua Traversa, near Rome, 1674.108 · Rome, ItalyAn orator ruined two brothers' father, made them his heirs, and the fortune passed down a chain of adoptions to Marcus Aurelius's motherPliny the Younger tells the story. The orator Domitius Afer helped have the estate of Sextus Curvius Tullus of Gallia Narbonensis confiscated.Project Gutenberg and 3 moreJoseph Emory Davis: Joseph Emory Davis1870 · Davis Bend (now Davis Island), Warren County, Mississippi, UJoseph Davis sold his plantations to the man he had enslaved, and his brother Jefferson Davis sued the family for Brierfield and wonBenjamin Montgomery was sold in 1836 to Joseph Davis, a lawyer and cotton planter at Davis Bend who reportedly enslaved more than 200 people. Montgomery kept the books, ran the plantation store and managed the property.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov and 3 moreRaoul Wallenberg Schutzpass 29. September 1944: Raoul Wallenberg protective passport (Schutzpass), dated 29 September 1944, for Josefa Frankel, née Tauszig, signed by Carl Ivan Dan1947 · Budapest, Hungary; Moscow, Russia; Stockholm, SwedenThe Soviets said Raoul Wallenberg died in a Moscow prison in 1947; Sweden's tax agency declared him dead in 2016, and a Moscow court refused his family the prison recordsRaoul Wallenberg was a Swedish diplomat in Budapest in 1944. He issued protective passes and is credited with helping at least 20,000 Hungarian Jews escape the Holocaust. In 1945 the Red Army arrested him.CBS News and 2 moreErstausgabe von Mein Kampf: First edition of Adolf Hitler's book "Mein Kampf", July 1925. An exhibit of the German Historical Museum in Berlin1945 · Berlin, Germany; Munich and Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, GermanyHitler willed his property to the Nazi Party, a Munich court gave it to Bavaria, and Bavaria used his copyright to block Mein Kampf for 70 yearsIn the Berlin bunker on 29 April 1945, Adolf Hitler signed a private will. His possessions were to go to the Nazi Party, or, if it no longer existed, to the State. His paintings were for a gallery in Linz.jewishvirtuallibrary.org and 3 morePalais Ephrussi (30703) stitch IMG 0449 - IMG 0462: Palais Ephrussi1945 · Vienna, AustriaThe Gestapo took the Ephrussi palace in Vienna in 1938; the family says a maid hid the netsuke in her mattress, and the Jewish Museum says it cannot be provedThe Paris collector Charles Ephrussi (1849 to 1905) bought Japanese netsuke, small carved toggles, in the 1870s.jmw.at and 2 moreCementry-Salonika: A rabbi makes a traditional visit to the cemetery. Salonica1942 · Thessaloniki, GreeceThessaloniki destroyed its 450-year-old Jewish cemetery in December 1942, used the stones to build, and put a university on the landSephardic Jews expelled from Spain founded the Jewish cemetery of Salonica in the late 15th century. It covered about 350,000 square metres. The city had planned since the 1917 fire to expropriate it.theworld.org and 2 moreAI illustration: Huis Doorn, the Kaiser's house in exile in the Netherlands, 19411941 · Huis Doorn, NetherlandsThe Kaiser's heirs claimed thousands of artworks and compensation, dropped the suits over the Nazi question, and settled after 99 yearsKaiser Wilhelm II abdicated in November 1918 and went into exile at Doorn in the Netherlands. A 1926 agreement between the Prussian state and the Hohenzollerns divided the royal property.preussischer-kulturbesitz.de and 2 moreHôtel du Grand Orient [de France], rue Cadet [9e arrondissement] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]: Sujet : Hôtels particuliers -- Paris (France) Paris (France) -- Arrondis1940 · Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; Česká Lípa, Czech Republic; German units emptied the French Masonic headquarters in June 1940, the Red Army took the archives to Moscow, and France got them back in 2001On 13 June 1940 German special units raided the Paris headquarters of the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France and shipped tons of archives and rare books to Berlin.gadlu.info and 3 moreVladimir Lenin: Lenin in 1920 (cropped)1936 · ParisLenin's 1918 decree took Sergei Shchukin's 258 paintings, and his heirs' claims in Paris and Los Angeles failedSergei Shchukin, a Moscow textile merchant, hung 258 paintings in his mansion, including works by Matisse and Picasso. He emigrated in August 1918.kommersant.ru and 6 moreTemplo masónico histórico, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España, 2012-12-15, DD 01: Historic masonic temple, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain1936 · Calle San Lucas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, SpaFranco's forces seized the Masonic temple of Santa Cruz de Tenerife on 19 July 1936, used it for interrogations, and Spain moved to declare it a memorial in 2025The Añaza lodge was founded in Santa Cruz de Tenerife on 8 August 1895. Between 1899 and 1902 it built a temple on Calle San Lucas; the Spanish state's 2025 notice calls it the first Masonic building made expressly to be a temple.Boletín Oficial del Estado and 2 moreWerner Herzog: Werner Herzog-92901934 · HungaryHungary seized Baron Herzog's collection of 2,000 artworks in 1944, and US courts ended his heirs' 15-year lawsuit in 2026Baron Mór Lipót Herzog assembled more than 2,000 paintings, sculptures and objects, the largest private collection in Hungary, with works by El Greco, Velázquez, Renoir and Monet.CourtListener and 5 morePaul von Hindenburg: Paul v. Hindenburg1934 · Neudeck, East Prussia (now Ogrodzieniec, Poland)Hindenburg's Neudeck estate was put in his son's name, and Hitler's government added tax-free landThe Hindenburg family had held Neudeck since 1755. By 1927 the estate was in debt. Elard von Oldenburg-Januschau raised money, mainly from the Reich Association of German Industry and the Reichslandbund, and bought it back.text-message.blogs.archives.gov and 5 moreDame Fanny Lucy Houston (née Radmall) when Lady Byron: Dame Fanny Lucy Houston (née Radmall) photogravure, published 19091926 · aboard the yacht Liberty, off JerseyA shipowner's widow reportedly tore up a will leaving her £1 million, inherited about £5.5 million, and died without a will of her ownFanny Lucy Radmall married Sir Robert Houston, a director of the Houston shipping lines, on 12 December 1924. Wikipedia reports that when he showed her his will, she tore it up, saying £1 million was not enough.Time and 2 moreHaji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev: Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev1924 · Mardakan, Baku, AzerbaijanBaku oil baron Taghiyev lost his mansion to the Bolsheviks in 1920 and died two days after learning his daughter had fled to PersiaZeynalabdin Taghiyev was born poor in Baku's Old City, the son of a shoemaker. He learned masonry and was a building contractor by 18. In 1873 he and two partners bought land at Bibi-Heybat.azer.com and 3 morePortrait of Ivan Morozov21921 · Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary), CzechoslovakiaIvan Morozov's great-grandson sued Yale and the Met for a Van Gogh and a Cézanne seized by the Bolsheviks, and lost both casesIvan Morozov, a Moscow industrialist, built a modern art collection that ranked among the finest in Europe. In 1911 he bought Cézanne's Madame Cézanne in the Conservatory. He also owned Van Gogh's The Night Café of 1888.CourtListener and 7 moreOffering from Sacred Cenote of Chichen Itza: Maya Gallery, INAH, National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.1935 · Chichén Itzá, Yucatán, MexicoA US consul bought Chichén Itzá for 200 pesos and shipped the Sacred Cenote's offerings to Harvard; his heirs won the land back in Mexico's Supreme CourtThe Maya threw gold, carved jade, pottery and people into the Sacred Cenote at Chichén Itzá. In 1894 Edward H. Thompson, US consul in Yucatán, bought the Hacienda Chichén, which included most of the ruins, for 200 pesos.research.cgu.edu and 4 moreGreenway Court, Virginia, where the story took place1781 · Greenway Court, VirginiaVirginia confiscated Lord Fairfax's Northern Neck, and his heir's land claim reached the Supreme Court twiceThomas, 6th Lord Fairfax, held the Northern Neck Proprietary of Virginia, about 5,282,000 acres. Virginia's Act of 1779 confiscated title to the domain. Fairfax died in December 1781, two months after Yorktown.Cornell Law School, LII and 5 moreFranz Ulrich Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau2009 · Buenos AiresFranz Ulrich Kinsky sued the Czech state more than 100 times for land taken in 1945, and Strasbourg ruled his trials unfairFranz Ulrich Kinsky was born in Vienna in 1936. His father was a member of the Sudeten German Party, and the Czech government later called him "an apparent sympathiser of the Nazi regime".European Court of Human Rights and 3 moreAI illustration: A burned-out car on a street in Asunción, Paraguay, 19801980 · Asunción, ParaguayNicaragua's Decree 3 confiscated Somoza family property in 1979, and Somoza was killed in Asunción in 1980Anastasio Somoza Debayle was the third Somoza to rule Nicaragua in a family line that lasted 43 years. When he fled on 17 July 1979 he personally controlled 22 percent of the country's farmland.nicaragua.justia.com and 4 moreJacobo Arbenz 1951 (cropped): Presidente Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán durante su nombramiento como Comandante de las Fuerzas Armadas.1971 · Guatemala City and Finca El Cajón, Escuintla, GuatemalaArbenz's land law took 234,000 acres from United Fruit; after the 1954 coup the junta seized the Arbenz family farm, and Guatemala apologised to his family in 2011Decree 900, signed on 17 June 1952, made uncultivated land on large estates subject to redistribution, paid for in 25-year bonds at the value the owner had declared for tax.history.state.gov and 3 moreAI illustration: Soldiers guard the gates of a confiscated Trujillo family estate, Dominican Republic, 19621961 · Near Santo Domingo, Dominican RepublicThe Dominican Republic confiscated the Trujillo family's property by law in 1962, and his remains lie in a cemetery near MadridRafael Leónidas Trujillo ruled the Dominican Republic from 1930 until he was shot on 30 May 1961. A September 1961 CIA document, as reported by Dominican Today, says his widow María Martínez left for Paris with about US$46 million.memoriahistorica.senadord.gob.do and 6 moreMap of Cuba, marked on the globe1960 · Havana, CubaCuba seized the Havana docks in 1960, a US company won more than $100 million from each of four cruise lines, and the Supreme Court revived its claim in 2026Havana Docks Corporation, a US company, held a concession to run the docks in Havana's port.Cornell Law School, LII and 2 moreArlington House, east front, June 28, 1864 LCCN20046801401857 · Arlington, VirginiaThe Lee family lost Arlington over a $92.07 tax, the Army buried soldiers on it, and the Supreme Court awarded $150,000George Washington Parke Custis, Martha Washington's grandson, died in 1857. His 1855 will left Arlington to his daughter Mary Custis Lee for life, then to her son G.W. Custis Lee.Cornell Law School, LII and 5 moreMisión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto - Baja California Sur (14563317428): Loreto, Mexico 2014 Legend and history confirms that Father Juan Maria de Salvatierra with very few resource1842 · Mexico City, Mexico; California, USA; The Hague, NetherlandsMexico seized the Jesuit mission fund for California in 1842, and the claim ran 125 years through the first case at The HagueIn 1697 donors in Mexico began giving money and land to the Jesuits to support missions in California. Spain allowed it on condition that the royal treasury paid nothing.history.state.gov and 3 moreDemasduit: Description: Demasduit (1819)DESCRIPTION: Portrait of Demasduit (Mary March) 1819 watercolour on ivory USE/REPRODUCTION: Copyright: Expired Credit: Library and Archives 1820 · Red Indian Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador, CanadaSettlers seized Demasduit to recover stolen property and killed her husband; their remains sat in Edinburgh until 2020In 1818 Beothuk took property belonging to John Peyton Jr. at the mouth of the Exploits River. Governor Sir Charles Hamilton authorized an expedition to recover it and to make friendly contact.Dictionary of Canadian Biography and 2 moreIvan VI of Russia: Ivan VI Antonovich (Oranienbaum)1774 · Kholmogory, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia; Horsens, DenmarkIvan VI's brothers and sisters were born in prison, held at Kholmogory for 36 years, and sent to Denmark in 1780 on a Russian pensionWhen Elizabeth seized the throne in December 1741, she arrested the infant emperor Ivan VI with his parents, the regent Anna Leopoldovna and Duke Anton Ulrich of Brunswick, and their baby daughter Ekaterina.ru.wikisource.org and 4 moreEdward Gibbon: Edward Gibbon title QS:P1476,en:"Edward Gibbon "label QS:Len,"Edward Gibbon "label QS:Lbn,"এডওয়ার্ড গিবন"1736 · Putney, London, EnglandParliament confiscated South Sea director Edward Gibbon's £106,543 in 1721 and left him £10,000; he rebuilt the fortune and willed it past his sonEdward Gibbon had a fortune of £60,000 when he became a director of the South Sea Company. In early August 1720 the company's stock reached about 1,000 percent of par. It fell to 700 by 2 September and later to 135.Project Gutenberg and 3 moreMap of Argentina, marked on the globe1947 · Buenos Aires, ArgentinaBolivia seized the tin king's mines in 1952, and his heir offered the government a 5 million dollar loan for a law that would let him divorceSimón Iturri Patiño built Bolivia's largest tin business and in 1924 merged his mines and railways into Patiño Mines and Enterprises Consolidated, a Delaware company.Time and 3 morePresidente Lázaro Cárdenas reunido con Sindicato obrero veracruzano en 1938: Banquete ofrecido al Presidente de México Lázaro Cárdenas por el Sindicato de Santa Rosa (hoy Ciudad Me1938 · Mexico City, MexicoMexico expropriated the foreign oil companies in 1938, crowds brought chickens and jewelry to help pay, and Mexico paid the companies in fullIn 1937 Mexican oil workers went on strike. On 18 December 1937 an arbitration board ordered the foreign companies to pay 26 million pesos in lost wages.history.state.gov and 2 morePancho Villa: General Francisco Villa (cropped)1923 · Chihuahua, MexicoVilla's soldiers took Luis Terrazas's son from the British consulate for ransom, and Mexico bought the family's estates for 13.6 million pesos in 1922Luis Terrazas bought large tracts in Chihuahua at low prices during the Apache wars and built them into one of Mexico's largest estates in the 1870s and 1880s.history.state.gov and 5 moreGilles de Rais: Féron - Gilles de Rais (1405-1440) - MV 9621440 · Nantes, Brittany, FranceGilles de Rais sold his castles to the Duke of Brittany, seized a priest in church, and was hanged; his heirs then claimed the lands backGilles de Rais was born at Champtocé castle in 1404 and inherited estates in Brittany, Anjou, Poitou, Maine and Angoumois. The historian Matei Cazacu puts his income at about 50,000 livres a year.famous-trials.com and 1 moreRahere's Tomb - Walks in London, Augustus Hare, 1878: Illustration from Walks in London, Augustus Hare, 1878.1143 · West Smithfield, London, England, UKRahere founded St Bartholomew's Hospital after a vow in Rome, Henry VIII seized its income in 1539, and the City of London saved it weeks before the king diedRahere was a courtier of Henry I. On a pilgrimage to Rome he fell ill, probably with malaria, and vowed that if he lived he would build a hospital for the poor.nationalarchives.gov.uk and 2 moreArthur Wellesley: The Duke of Wellington is standing at half-length, wearing Field Marshal’s uniform, with the Garter star and sash, the badge of the Golden Fleece, and a special b1852 · Walmer Castle, KentBelgium bought out the Duke of Wellington's "perpetual" Waterloo rent in 1988 and kept a right to take back the landWilliam I of the Netherlands made Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, Prince of Waterloo by royal decree of 8 July 1815.Boletín Oficial del Estado and 3 moreMap of South Korea, marked on the globe2020 · Seoul, South KoreaHanmi Pharm's founder died owing a family tax bill of 500 billion won, his widow and daughter agreed to merge with OCI, and his sons stopped it at a shareholder voteLim Sung-ki studied pharmacy, opened a pharmacy in Dongdaemun, Seoul, in 1967 and founded Hanmi Pharmaceutical in 1973. Annual sales passed 1 trillion won. He died in August 2020, aged 80.The Korea Times and 8 moreRong Yiren: Rong Yiren 19492005 · Shanghai, China, and Hong KongThe Rong family's mills passed to the state in the 1950s, and the son who stayed became China's vice president and his son a billionaireRong Zongjing and Rong Desheng built a flour, textile and machine-making business from Wuxi and Shanghai and invested in banks. After 1949 Rong Desheng's son Rong Yiren took charge of the whole family business and stayed in China.voanews.com and 4 moreEmperor Showa: Emperor Showa, 1st Guard Infantry Regiment1989 · Fukiage Palace, Tokyo, JapanJapan's imperial family paid 3.3 billion yen in property tax in 1947, and in 1989 the new emperor paid 428 million yen in inheritance tax while the regalia passed tax-freeIn October 1945 the Imperial Household Ministry reported the imperial family's property, excluding art, jewels and gold, at 1.59 billion yen in cash, securities, land, buildings and timber.kokushikan.repo.nii.ac.jp and 2 moreMap of Japan, marked on the globe1986 · Niigata, Sendai, Sapporo, Fukuoka and Tokyo, JapanJapanese courts cancelled auction sales of houses where owners had died by suicide, and in 2021 the state set a three-year disclosure ruleKind 1. Japan calls a property where someone died by suicide or murder a jiko bukken. When courts sell seized homes at auction, buyers have asked to cancel sales of such houses, and courts have ruled both ways.mc-law.jp and 2 moreMohammad Mosaddeq, Ahmadabad 1967: Mohammad Mosaddeq (1882-1967), Iranian Prime Minister and a major political figure in the modern history of Iran. This photograph was taken ca 191967 · Ahmadabad, IranMossadegh nationalised Iran's oil, was overthrown in a CIA and MI6 coup, and was buried under the floor of his own houseIn March 1951 Iran's parliament passed a law nationalising the oil industry, and Mohammad Mossadegh became prime minister in April. On 19 August 1953 a coup planned and financed by the CIA and MI6 overthrew him.equaltimes.org and 2 moreAI illustration: The Khas Bagh palace of the Nawabs of Rampur, 19661966 · Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaThe Nawab of Rampur's eldest son took all his private property in 1966; after 53 years the Supreme Court split it among 16 heirsNawab Raza Ali Khan signed Rampur over to India on 15 May 1949. He kept a tax-free privy purse of 7 lakh rupees and his private properties, which he listed in orders of 31 May and 27 June 1949. He died intestate on 6 March 1966.api.sci.gov.in and 2 moreElie Cohen at his Damascus residence in 1963: Elie Cohen at his Damascus residence in 1963. Elie Cohen, the Israeli spy known in Syria at the time by the alias Kamel Amin Thabit, w1965 · Damascus, Syria; JerusalemSyria hanged Israeli spy Eli Cohen in 1965 and kept his body; 60 years later the Mossad brought back his will and the keys to his Damascus flat, but not his remainsEli Cohen worked for the Mossad in Damascus under the name Kamel Amin Thaabet and reached Syria's leadership. Syrian intelligence arrested him and confiscated his belongings, including the keys to his flat.timesofisrael.com and 2 moreItagaki taisuke and Lin Hsien-tang 1914: 「台湾同化会」設立のため、台湾に渡った板垣退助と出迎える人々との写真。中央の白髭の老人が板垣退助、後列右から2人目が林献堂。1956 · Tokyo, Japan; Wufeng, Taichung, TaiwanTaiwan's leading landlord Lin Hsien-tang left for Japan "for treatment" in 1949 and never came back, and the 1953 land-to-the-tiller law paid landlords in bonds and sharesLin Hsien-tang became head of the Wufeng Lin family of Taichung in 1904.zh.wikisource.org and 4 moreShimizudani Refinery Ruins at Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine 001: 島根県大田市にある清水谷精錬所跡。世界文化遺産「石見銀山遺跡とその文化的景観」を構成する資産の一部。1613 · Iwami Ginzan, Ōda, Shimane, JapanTokugawa Ieyasu's mine magistrate died rich in 1613, and the shogunate made his seven sons kill themselves and seized everything he ownedŌkubo Nagayasu was born in 1545, the second son of a sarugaku performer. Takeda Shingen took him on as a retainer and set him to work on mines and taxes, including the Kurokawa gold mine.mlit.go.jp and 2 moreLudvig Nobel: Ludvig Nobel1888 · Baku, Azerbaijan; St Petersburg, Russia; Stockholm, SwedenThe Nobel brothers built Russia's largest oil company in Baku; Ludvig's son fled the Bolsheviks disguised as a peasant and sold half the shares to Standard OilIn 1879 Ludvig, Robert and Alfred Nobel and partners formed Branobel with 3 million roubles of capital. Ludvig died in Cannes in 1888, and his son Emanuel took charge. Emanuel was a Russian citizen.aapg.org and 4 moreJuan Manuel de Rosas: Juan Manuel de Rosas by Norris1877 · Southampton, EnglandArgentina confiscated Rosas's property and sentenced him to death; he died a tenant farmer in England and was reburied in 1989Juan Manuel de Rosas governed Buenos Aires and led the Argentine Confederation until Justo José de Urquiza defeated him at Caseros on 3 February 1852. He sheltered in the British legation and sailed to England.infobae.com and 3 moreNicolas Leblanc: Nicolas Leblanc - CNAM1806 · Paris, FranceThe Revolution guillotined Nicolas Leblanc's patron, seized his soda works and published his patent, and the state paid his heirs 49 years after his suicideNicolas Leblanc was private physician to the Duke of Orléans from 1780. He found a way to make soda, used for glass and soap, from common salt, the goal of a 2,400-livre prize set by the French Academy of Sciences.thechemicalengineer.com and 2 moreJohann Adam Weishaupt: Portrait of Adam Weishaupt (1748-1830)1804 · Munich, Germany; Gotha, Germany; Stockholm, Sweden; Berlin, Bavaria banned the Illuminati in 1785 and published their seized papers, and a duke's will sent the rest to Sweden to keep them secretAdam Weishaupt founded the Order of the Illuminati at Ingolstadt on 1 May 1776.bitterwinter.org and 4 moreGasse in der Fuggerei, Augsburg: Narrow street in the Fuggerei, Augsburg.1525 · Augsburg, Bavaria, GermanyJakob Fugger fixed the Fuggerei's rent at one guilder a year in 1521, and the rent has not changed in 505 yearsJakob Fugger "the Rich" (1459-1525) began building in 1516. On 23 August 1521 he signed the deed founding the Fuggerei, to exist "in perpetuity." By 1521 there were 52 buildings.blogs.loc.gov and 2 moreTheodoric the Great: Teodorico re dei Goti (493-526)524 · Pavia (the Calventian estate), ItalyTheodoric had Boethius clubbed to death and seized his estates, and the king's daughter gave them back to his sonsBoethius came from the Anicii, one of Rome's leading families. He was raised by the senator Symmachus and married his daughter, Rusticiana. He was consul in 510.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreBruges. Eglise Notre-Dame. Tombeau de Marie de Bourgogne (1495) - Brugge. O.-L.-Vrouwkerk. Graf van Maria van Bourgondië: TitleBruges. Eglise Notre-Dame. Tombeau de Marie de Bourgo1477 · Ghent and Bruges, BelgiumCharles the Bold died at Nancy, the King of France seized Burgundy from his 19-year-old heiress, and her marriage gave the Netherlands to the HabsburgsCharles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, was killed at the battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477. His only child, Mary, born 13 February 1457, inherited his lands. Louis XI of France seized the duchy of Burgundy and other territories.deutsche-biographie.de and 2 moreLiu's manor - 收租院展览 20161123: ​大邑刘氏庄园博物馆展出大型泥塑《收租院》1949 · Anren, Dayi County, Sichuan, ChinaLandlord Liu Wencai died before land reform reached him, his manor became a museum of his crimes, and in 1988 its "water dungeon" was relabelled an opium storeLiu Wencai's father had two hectares and a liquor distillery. Liu became a liquor merchant in Yibin in 1920 and grew rich alongside his brother Liu Wenhui, a warlord, and his cousin Liu Xiang.deniseyho.com and 2 moreYahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din: Drawing showing Imam Yahya of Yemen (Yahya Muhammad Hamidaddin, 1869–1948), who succeeded his father as imam in 1904, on the frontispiece page of Ameen1948 · near Sanaa, YemenYemen's Imam Yahya groomed his son to inherit an office meant to go to the most able; rebels killed him in 1948, and the tribes that won the throne back for the son looted SanaaYahya ruled Yemen as Zaydi imam from 1904. Zaydi doctrine says the imamate goes to the most capable candidate, not the eldest son.gulfnews.com and 3 moreConfucius: Confucius, fresco from a Western Han tomb of Dongping County, Shandong province, China (cropped)1919 · Qufu, Shandong, China; Taipei, TaiwanConfucius's 77th-generation heir was made a duke as a baby, and Red Guards later dug up his father and hung the body from a treeFrom 1055 Chinese governments gave the title Duke Yansheng to the eldest male in each generation of Confucius's main line, with estates at Qufu. The 76th duke, Kong Lingyi, died in 1919.archive.spectator.co.uk and 5 moreInterior of Oba's compound burnt during siege of Benin City, 1897: Interior of Oba's compound burnt during seige of Benin City (present day Nigeria) , with bronze plaques in the fo1914 · Calabar, NigeriaNigeria vested ownership of the looted Benin Bronzes in the Oba of Benin in 2023In February 1897 a British force of about 1,200 troops took Benin City, capital of the Kingdom of Benin in today's Nigeria.nms.ac.uk and 10 moreRemains of Wigmore Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 700446: Remains of Wigmore Abbey1330 · Tyburn, London; Wigmore, Herefordshire, EnglandEdward III hanged Roger Mortimer without a trial and took his lands, and Mortimer's grandson won them back in 1354Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabella removed Edward II and ruled for the boy king Edward III. In October 1330 Edward's men seized Mortimer at Nottingham Castle.Wikisource (primary text) and 2 morePortrait of Monsieur de Lavoisier and his Wife, chemist Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze: Portrait of Monsieur de Lavoisier and his Wife, chemist Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze1794 · Paris, FranceThe Revolution guillotined Lavoisier and seized his notebooks, and his widow fought until she got back the property and nearly all his papersAntoine Lavoisier was a chemist and a tax farmer. He was jailed from 28 November 1793. On 8 May 1794 he and his father-in-law, Jacques Paulze, were tried, convicted and guillotined.news.cornell.edu and 2 moreHis Excellency General Sir Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana (1817–1877), Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief of Nepal: H.E. General Sir Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana (1817-77), Prime Minister1877 · Kathmandu, NepalNepal's Rana prime ministers passed the office brother to brother by a roll; in 1934 the ruler struck off the sons of low-caste mothers, and their sons joined the party that opposed itJung Bahadur Kunwar seized power after the Kot massacre on the night of 14 September 1846.countrystudies.us and 4 moreAbravanel Perush ha-torah: Title page of Isaac Abravanel: Perush ha-Torah. Varsha: Bi-Defus Y. Levenzohn, 1862-1863. Perush (Commentary) on the Pentateuch, originally published in 1508 · Lisbon, Portugal; Toledo, Spain; Naples, Italy; Venice, ItalIsaac Abravanel lost an inherited fortune in Portugal, offered Spain 30,000 ducats to stop the expulsion, and lost everything again in NaplesIsaac Abravanel was born in Lisbon in 1437, son of the Portuguese treasurer Judah. He inherited great wealth from his father and became treasurer to King Alfonso V.plato.stanford.edu and 3 moreLorenzo de' Medici: Italian: Ritratto di Lorenzo il Magnifico de' Medici Portrait of Lorenzo the Magnificenttitle QS:P1476,it:"Ritratto di L1492 · Florence, ItalyLorenzo de' Medici took 53,643 florins from his cousins' inheritance, and two years after his death Florence seized the insolvent Medici bankThe Medici bank was most profitable under Cosimo de' Medici, who died on 1 August 1464. Under his successors the branches failed.cambridge.org and 5 morePalace of Heavenly Purity (20220218132818): Qianqing Palace, where the famous "Zheng Da Guang Ming" plaque is located.1722 · Changchun Garden and the Palace of Heavenly Purity, Beijing,The Kangxi Emperor deposed his heir twice, and the son who followed him hid the next heir's name behind a palace plaqueIn the ninth month of 1708 the Kangxi Emperor announced the crimes of his crown prince, Yinreng, had him seized and deposed him. He restored him, and in 1712 deposed him again and confined him in the Xian'an Palace.zh.wikisource.org and 4 moreThomas Gresham: Anthonis Mor 004 (cropped)1579 · Bishopsgate, City of London, EnglandThomas Gresham left London a free college, and Parliament sold the building for a tax office in 1768Sir Thomas Gresham built the Royal Exchange in London at his own cost; it opened in 1567. His only legitimate son, Richard, died in 1564, and his natural daughter Anne also died before him.gresham.ac.uk and 2 moreHernán Cortés1547 · Castilleja de la Cuesta, SevilleCortés's heir was tried for treason, Mexico seized and sold the estate, and Lucas Alamán hid his bones from 1823 to 1946A royal cédula of 6 July 1529 made Hernán Cortés Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca. The grant gave him civil and criminal jurisdiction over about 23,000 vassals and was entailed as a mayorazgo in 1535.Boletín Oficial del Estado and 8 moreMuseo dell'Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore. Pope Boniface VIII: Museo dell'Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore. Pope Boniface VIII1297 · Rome and Palestrina, ItalyA Colonna cardinal kept his brothers' lands, the pope razed Palestrina in the fight, and a Colonna seized the pope at AnagniOn 28 April 1292 four Colonna brothers handed control of Palestrina, Zagarolo, Colonna and other family lands to their brother, Cardinal Giacomo Colonna.Treccani and 2 moreMehmed IV: Mahomet IV. sonst Achmet genannt Türckischer Kaÿser1481 · Istanbul, TurkeyA Turkish court ruled in 2020 that Mehmed II's endowment deed still bound Hagia Sophia as a mosque, while an Armenian foundation could not recover its confiscated Istanbul innHagia Sophia was built as a church in the sixth century. After the Ottoman conquest in 1453 it became a mosque. A few years later Sultan Mehmed II made it part of his waqf, a perpetual religious endowment.harvardlawreview.org and 2 morePazzi conspiracy: Nella stessa famiglia anche lo zio di Francesco, Jacopo fu tra i principali responsabili, e i congiurati si servirono della parentela di Guglielmo de' Medici, fra1478 · Florence, ItalyFlorence seized the Pazzi bank's property the day after the cathedral murder and ordered the family's name and arms erased foreverJacopo de' Pazzi inherited his father Andrea's bank and became head of the family in 1464. In the 1457 tax survey he was one of only eight Florentines taxed between 50 and 100 florins.Treccani and 2 moreExpulsion of the Jesuits from Spain, 1767: Depiction of the embarkation of the Jesuits in Cartagena (Spain), bound for the Papal States in compliance with the expulsion order issue1767 · Madrid and over 120 Spanish towns; Civitavecchia, Italy; CorSpain opened sealed orders in every Jesuit town on one night in 1767, seized the order's property, and the Pope's cannon turned the exiles' ships awayA small council approved the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain on 29 January 1767, and Charles III ratified it on 20 February.newadvent.org and 2 moreJoseph Süß Oppenheimer1738 · gallows outside StuttgartWürttemberg hanged Joseph Süß Oppenheimer in a cage in 1738 and auctioned his property months before the verdictJoseph Süß Oppenheimer was born in Heidelberg in 1698. He became court factor and keeper of the privy purse to Prince Carl Alexander, who became Duke of Württemberg in December 1733.deutschlandmuseum.de and 5 moreDilston Castle: Dilston Castle (grid reference NY97566328) is a ruined 15th century towerhouse situated at Dilston, near Corbridge, Northumberland.1716 · Tower Hill, London; Dilston, Northumberland, EnglandThe Earl of Derwentwater was beheaded in 1716, Parliament gave his estates to Greenwich Hospital, and in 1868 a woman calling herself his heir moved into the ruined castleJames Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater, grew up at the exiled Stuart court at Saint-Germain. He joined the 1715 Jacobite rising, was defeated at Preston and pleaded guilty.northumberlandarchives.com and 4 morePierre-Paul Riquet: Pierre-Paul Riquet (1604-1680)1680 · Toulouse, FrancePierre-Paul Riquet spent his fortune on the Canal du Midi, died eight months before it opened, and left his heirs the canal and its debtsPierre-Paul Riquet made his money collecting the gabelle, the salt tax, in Languedoc and supplying the army. He proposed a canal to join the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. A royal edict of 5 October 1666 ordered it built.structurae.net and 3 moreArqua panorama: Panorama della zona alta dell'abitato di Arquà Petrarca da Monte Castello1374 · Arquà Petrarca, Padua, ItalyVenice gave Petrarch a house for his library, the library went to his enemies' heirs and then to France, and the skull in his tomb is a woman'sIn 1362 Petrarch offered his books to Venice. The Republic gave him a house on the Riva degli Schiavoni on condition that his works stay in Venice after his death. He left Venice and never sent the books.bnf.fr and 4 moreSchaedel mit Nagel: Schaedel, Vitaliebruder (?), Hanse1401 · Hamburg, GermanyHamburg beheaded the pirate Störtebeker, legend put his gold in a church spire, and a skull said to be his was stolen from the city museum in 2010Klaus Störtebeker is remembered as a leader of the Victual Brothers, who seized merchant ships in the Baltic and North Seas. A Hamburg fleet under Hermann Langhe and Nikolaus Schoke sailed for Heligoland in August 1400.historynewsnetwork.org and 2 moreNagarakretagama of Indonesian 14th century Majapahit manuscript: Nagarakretagama of Indonesian 14th century Majapahit manuscript1895 · Cakranegara, Lombok, IndonesiaDutch troops took a quarter tonne of gold from the Lombok palace in 1894, and with it the only manuscript of Majapahit's royal chronicleA Balinese dynasty from Karangasem ruled Lombok from the palace at Cakranegara and grew rich on the rents of the island's Sasak people. In 1894 the Netherlands East Indies sent an army.amsterdam.wereldmuseum.nl and 4 moreNana Saheb Peshwa II: Nana sahib1859 · Bithur and Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India; NepalThe British refused the last Peshwa's adopted son his father's pension, and after 1857 dug his treasure out of the wells at BithurBaji Rao II, the last Maratha peshwa, lost his kingdom to the British in the Third Maratha War and lived in exile at Bithur, near Kanpur, on a pension. In 1827 he adopted Nana Sahib.The Gazette and 2 moreWorld headquarter of the Bektashis: This picture is captured in the World headquarters of the Bektashis which is located in the capital of Albania (Tirana).1826 · Istanbul, Turkey; Hacıbektaş, Turkey; Tirana, AlbaniaThe Sultan abolished the Bektashi order in 1826 and gave its lodges away, Atatürk closed the rest in 1925, and in 2024 Albania proposed a sovereign state for its leaderThe Bektashi order was the Sufi order of the Janissaries. In 1826 Sultan Mahmud II destroyed the Janissary corps and banned the Bektashis throughout the empire. Many dervishes were exiled and some executed.sarakuehn.com and 2 moreJew's House: Jew's House, Lincoln (Grimm)1186 · Lincoln, EnglandWhen Aaron of Lincoln died in 1186, Henry II took his whole estate and set up a separate exchequer to collect his debtsAaron of Lincoln was born about 1125. The pipe roll of 1166 shows Henry II owing him £616 12s. 8d. in nine counties.Journal article (DOI) and 4 moreAI illustration: Rebels led by Pedrarias's grandsons land on the shore at Panama, 15501550 · near PanamaPedrarias's grandsons killed the bishop of Nicaragua and raided Panama in 1550 to recover their father's lost wealthMaría de Peñalosa was Pedrarias's daughter and Balboa's proxy bride. In 1524 she married Rodrigo de Contreras, and Pedrarias died in León, Nicaragua, on 6 March 1531. Contreras governed Nicaragua from 1535 to 1544.Project Gutenberg and 3 more51. Morte di Marino Faliero, 17 Aprile 1355: The Execution of Doge en:Marino Faliero1355 · Venice, ItalyVenice beheaded Doge Marino Faliero in 1355, seized his palace, painted a black shroud over his portrait, and later voided his widow's willMarino Faliero came from one of Venice's oldest patrician families. On 11 September 1354, aged about 80, he was elected doge while on a mission to the pope at Avignon.historywalksvenice.com and 3 moreMelania the Younger: Melania the Younger, nun of Rome (Menologion of Basil II)439 · Rome, Italy; JerusalemMelania the Younger sold estates across the Roman West and freed 8,000 slaves, and a later account says opponents tried to have her estates seizedMelania was born at Rome about 383. The Catholic Encyclopedia says she married her relative Pinianus at 13 out of obedience to her parents, and that their two children died young.tertullian.org and 2 moreCharles VII of France: KarlVII1456 · Bourges, FranceJacques Coeur financed Charles VII's war, then the king charged him with poisoning the royal mistress and confiscated everythingJacques Coeur traded with Damascus by 1432, became master of the royal mint in 1436 and steward of royal spending by 1441, and was ennobled with his family.Wikisource (primary text) and 2 moreErfurter Schatz, jüdischer Hochzeitsring: Jüdischer Hochzeitsring aus dem sog. "Erfurter Schatz", aufbewahrt im Keller der Alten Synagoge in Erfurt1349 · Michaelisstraße 43, Erfurt, GermanyA Jewish moneylender's silver lay under his Erfurt cellar from the 1349 massacre until archaeologists found it in 1998Erfurt's medieval Jewish community was one of the most prominent of its time. On 21 March 1349, as the plague spread, a mob attacked the Jewish quarter on the false claim that Jews had poisoned the wells.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de and 3 moreKonradin: Codex Manesse, fol. 7r, Konradin von Hohenstaufen ("König Konradin der Jüngere") bei der Jagd mit Falken.1268 · Naples, Campania, ItalyConradin, the last legitimate Staufer, willed his lands to his Bavarian uncles and was beheaded in Naples at 16Conradin was born on 25 March 1252 at Wolfstein near Landshut, the son of King Conrad IV, who died in 1254. He grew up under the guardianship of his uncle, Duke Ludwig of Bavaria.de.wikisource.org and 2 more2017-08-03 August 2017 in Athens 51: August 2017 in Athens177 · Athens and Marathon, GreeceA father found a treasure in his Athens house and willed every citizen a mina a year; his son paid it by collecting their grandfathers' debtsPhilostratus writes that the emperor confiscated the estate of Hipparchus, grandfather of Herodes Atticus, on a charge of aiming at tyranny. His son Atticus was left poor.Internet Archive and 2 morePliny the Younger: 'Pliny the Younger and His Mother at Miseno'54 · Rome, Italy; Africa Proconsularis (Tunisia)Pliny says six men owned half of Roman Africa when Nero had them killed, and Suetonius says Nero seized the estates of anyone whose will left him too littlePliny the Elder wrote that great estates had ruined Italy. He added that six proprietors held half of the province of Africa when Nero had them put to death. Suetonius lists Nero's methods for raising money.perseus.tufts.edu and 3 moreValles típicos de Obejo, Sierra Morena: valles típicos de Sierra Morena. Obejo33 · Rome, Italy; mines in Hispania (Spain)Tacitus says Tiberius had Spain's richest man thrown from the Tarpeian Rock and kept his gold and copper mines for himselfSextus Marius owned gold and copper mines in Spain under the emperor Tiberius. Tacitus calls him the richest man in Spain. He survived an accusation in AD 25.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreHortensia (orator): Woodcut illustration of Hortensia pleading her case before the triumvirs - Penn Provenance Project43 BCE · Rome, ItalyRome's triumvirs ordered the 1,400 richest women to value their property for a war tax, and Hortensia's speech cut the list to 400After Caesar's murder, Antony, Octavian and Lepidus ruled Rome as triumvirs and needed money for war.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 moreBust Alcibiades Musei Capitolini MC1160: So-called “Alcibiades”, ideal male portrait. Roman copy after a Greek original of the Late Classical period; the hermaic pillar and the ins415 BCE · Athens, GreeceAthens condemned Alcibiades, auctioned his property item by item on marble slabs, ordered priests to curse him, then gave the property backIn 415 BC, as Athens sent its fleet against Sicily, the city's herms were mutilated, and men were accused of profaning the Mysteries of Eleusis. Alcibiades, a general of the expedition, was accused.perseus.tufts.edu and 5 moreCHURCH(1893) p115 THEMISTOCLES: CHURCH(1893) p115 THEMISTOCLES459 BCE · Magnesia on the Maeander, Turkey; Attica, GreeceAthens condemned Themistocles for treason, Persia gave him three cities, and his relatives buried his bones in Attica in secretThemistocles led the Athenian fleet at Salamis. He was later ostracised, and Athens turned the ostracism into a death sentence for treason when Sparta accused him of dealing with Persia. He fled and settled in the Persian empire.Project Gutenberg and 2 moreTaira no Masakado Kubizuka: 将門塚正面。940 · Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan (mound); Kanto region, JapanMasakado fought his uncles for land, called himself the new emperor, and his head mound in Tokyo moved the Finance MinistryKind 1 and kind 2. Taira no Masakado was the son of Taira no Yoshimochi. The Konjaku monogatarishu says his uncles seized lands he was due to inherit from his father. Other accounts give a quarrel over a woman.pinktentacle.com and 2 moreUlugh Beg: Ulugh Beg, Timurid painting 1425-501449 · near Samarkand, UzbekistanUlugh Beg kept back his son's share of the treasury, and the son defeated him, had him sentenced, and let the emirs kill him on the road to MeccaUlugh Beg, grandson of Timur, governed Samarkand from 1409 and built a madrasa and an observatory there; his star catalogue of 1437 listed 994 stars. When his father Shah Rukh died in 1447 he became ruler.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr and 2 moreYamanaka & Co. Prince Gong Mansion: 恭親王府正殿前 明治45年3月 （右より） 菅金福 山中六三郎 山中六三郎 親王府総務 劉恵郷 岡田友次 親王家執事 金雨三 同 陳顕建1799 · Beijing, ChinaChina's new emperor arrested his father's favourite five days after the old emperor died, let him hang himself, and seized a fortune put at up to 800 million taelsHeshen was born in Beijing in 1750 and was a palace guard when the Qianlong Emperor noticed him in 1775. Within a year he was a Grand Councillor. He ran the Board of Revenue and then the Board of Personnel.Wikisource (primary text) and 3 moreYodoya Monument (1): Yodoya Monument1705 · Osaka, JapanThe shogunate confiscated Osaka's richest merchant house in 1705 for living beyond its stationOkamoto Jōan founded the Yodoya house in Osaka. He sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the siege of Osaka and was allowed to collect and sell the weapons left on the battlefield.kotobank.jp and 2 moreAsano Naganori: Naganori Asano1701 · Edo (Tokyo) and Akō, Hyōgo, JapanThe shogunate confiscated Lord Asano's 53,000-koku domain the day he drew his sword, and his retainers waited 21 months to take revengeAsano Naganori inherited the Akō domain of 53,000 koku from his father in 1675. In 1701 he was assigned to host the emperor's envoys in Edo, under the instruction of the master of ceremonies Kira Yoshinaka.kotobank.jp and 3 moreAditya Chola II: Aditya Chola II969 · Udaiyargudi (Kattumannarkoil), Tamil Nadu, IndiaThe Chola heir Aditya Karikala was murdered, and his brother Rajaraja seized the killers' lands and their relatives' lands years laterAditya II, called Aditya Karikala, was crown prince and co-regent of the Chola king Parantaka II. He had defeated the Pandya king Vira Pandya and taken his head.Internet Archive and 2 moreInca Mummy: Illustration from the book El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno1471 · Cuzco, Peru (mummies taken to Lima)The dead Inca kings kept their palaces, servants and estates, and the Spanish seized their mummies in 1559 and lost them in a Lima hospitalUnder Inca custom the heir received the throne but not his father's property. The dead king's mummy kept its palaces, lands and servants, run by its descendants.Internet Archive and 5 moreTomb of the Lord of Sipan: Tomb of the Lord of Sipan250 · Huaca Rajada, Sipán, Lambayeque, PeruLooters emptied a Moche tomb at Sipán in 1987, police shot their leader, and the archaeologist called in found the Lord of Sipán untouched below itIn early 1987 a gang led by Ernil Bernal tunnelled into a mud-brick pyramid at Huaca Rajada near the village of Sipán. On 6 February 1987 they ransacked a tomb and carried gold and silver out in rice sacks, smashing pots and bones.motherjones.com and 3 moreEgypt and Nubia: Volume III - No. 8, Mosque of Sultan Hassan, Cairo: Egypt and Nubia: Volume III - No. 8, Mosque of Sultan Hassan, Cairo1361 · Cairo, EgyptPlague estates paid for Sultan Hasan's Cairo mosque, a minaret fell and killed about 300, and the sultan was murdered and never buried in his tombAl-Nasir Hasan became Mamluk sultan of Egypt at 13 in 1347 or 1348. The plague of 1348 killed many of Cairo's rich. Emirs arrested Hasan in 1351 and held him for about three years before he returned to power.madainproject.com and 2 moreTimur, forensic reconstruction by Gerasimov (1941): Timur, forensic reconstruction by Gerasimov (1941)1405 · Otrar, Kazakhstan; Samarkand, UzbekistanTimur's will named a grandson in Kandahar, but another grandson took Samarkand and the treasury firstTimur fell ill at Otrar on his way to invade China and died on 19 February 1405. Before dying he named his grandson Pir Muhammad, son of his late son Jahangir, as heir, and the emirs with him promised to carry out the will.Encyclopaedia Britannica and 2 moreTankiziyya, before 1920: Tankiziyya, before 19201340 · Alexandria, Egypt; Damascus, SyriaThe sultan had his viceroy of Syria arrested, killed and stripped of his fortune; three years later the viceroy's grandson was sultan and his body came home to DamascusTankiz was a mamluk, a slave soldier, who served Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad from 1299. In 1312 the sultan made him viceroy of Syria, based in Damascus.sussex.ac.uk and 2 moreMahmud of Ghazni: Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid ruler, conquering Qasdar (modern Khuzdar) in India, miniature from the Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh of 1030 · Ghazni, AfghanistanMahmud of Ghazni left his throne to one son; the other blinded him, and the blind brother's son later killed the victorSultan Mahmud of Ghazni ruled from Afghanistan to the Punjab. Baizawi's chronicle says his will gave his son Mas'ud Khurasan, Iraq and Persia, and his second son Muhammad Ghazni and India.Internet Archive and 2 moreMap of Saudi Arabia, marked on the globe632 · Fadak oasis and Medina, Saudi ArabiaFatima asked Abu Bakr for her inheritance from Muhammad; he refused, she did not speak to him again, and caliphs returned and seized the land of Fadak for 200 yearsFadak surrendered to Muhammad without a fight, so its income was his alone.Internet Archive and 2 moreTaq Kasra - 1934: Taq Kasra - 1934628 · Ctesiphon, IraqPersia's crown prince overthrew his father to stop a half-brother's succession, executed him, killed his brothers, and died of plague within monthsKhosrow II ruled Persia from 590; he had come to power after his own father was deposed and blinded in a palace revolt led by Khosrow's uncles.iranicaonline.org and 2 moreBeit Shearim - Catacomb no. 20: Necropolis at Beit Shearim, Catacomb no. 20425 · Land of Israel (Roman Palestine)Rome stripped the last patriarch of the house of Hillel, let no son succeed him, and took the patriarch's tax for the imperial treasuryFor centuries the office of nasi, or patriarch, passed within the family of Hillel. Rome recognised the patriarch as political head of the Jews.jewishencyclopedia.com and 4 more