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Ptolemaic dynasty

Every case in the archive that involves the Ptolemaic dynasty, best-known first, with the members Wikidata records in office, command or a ranked fortune.

Families in powerFortunes through time

The cases

Under each headline: who in the family is in the case. Each card opens the full cited case.

Cases
11
Years
323 BCE to 40
Countries
Egypt, Morocco, Cyprus, Iraq
Subjects
Egypt and Africa, Greece and Rome
In power
400 BCE to 39 BCE
Power held
Government office, Military command
Relatives recorded
39
Database
Every member on a time line
Updated
30 October 2026
Cleopatra: Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin140 · Rome, Italy; kingdom of Mauretania (Algeria and Morocco)Cleopatra's grandson Ptolemy inherited Mauretania from his father Juba, and Caligula summoned him to Rome and had him killedPtolemy of Mauretania, grandson of Cleopatra VII through Cleopatra Selene, inherited Mauretania from his father Juba II and was executed by Caligula.Cleopatra VII's daughter Cleopatra Selene married Juba II, and the couple received the kingdom of Mauretania. Their son Ptolemy became co-ruler by AD 21 and sole king when Juba died in AD 23 or 24.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 morePtolemy VIII Physcon: Head of Ptolemy VIII130 BCE · Alexandria, Egypt, and CyprusPtolemy VIII married his sister Cleopatra II and then her daughter, and when his sister held Alexandria against him he sent her their son's head, hands and feetPtolemy VIII married his sister Cleopatra II and her daughter Cleopatra III, and killed his son Memphites during their fight for Alexandria.In 145 BC Ptolemy VIII returned to Alexandria after his brother Ptolemy VI died and married his brother's widow, their sister Cleopatra II.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 moreArsinoe II: ArsinoeII269 BCE · Cassandreia (Kassandreia, Greece) and Alexandria, EgyptArsinoe II married her half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos to protect her sons, he had two of them killed in her arms, and she then married her full brotherArsinoe II, daughter of Ptolemy I, married her half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos, who killed two of her sons, then married her brother Ptolemy II.Ptolemy I passed over his eldest son, Ptolemy Keraunos, son of Eurydice, and around 285 BC made the younger Ptolemy II, son of Berenice, his heir. Keraunos left Egypt.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreAI illustration: Ptolemy's cavalry turn Alexander the Great's funeral carriage toward Egypt, 321 BC323 BCE · BabylonAlexander the Great left his empire "to the strongest", and his general Ptolemy hijacked his bodyPtolemy I, founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty and governor of Egypt, took Alexander's body to Egypt to support his claim to the succession.Alexander died in Babylon aged 32, on 10 or 11 June 323 BC by a Babylonian astronomical diary. He ruled from Greece to India and left no adult heir. Arrian records that his Companions asked who would get the kingdom.Wikisource (primary text) and 3 moreCleopatra: Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin130 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptMark Antony gave Cleopatra's children kingdoms in 34 BC, and after 30 BC Octavian killed Caesarion and gave the others to his sister to raiseCleopatra VII, last Ptolemaic ruler, whose children, including Caesarion, received kingdoms from Mark Antony in 34 BC and lost them after 30 BC.In autumn 34 BC Mark Antony filled the gymnasium at Alexandria and set two golden thrones on a silver platform, with lower thrones for the children.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 5 morePtolemy XII Auletes: Ptolemy XII Auletes Louvre Ma344951 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptPtolemy XII's will named Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII joint heirs under Roman protection, and the heirs went to warPtolemy XII, father of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII, named them joint heirs in his will under Roman protection.Ptolemy XII Auletes held Egypt with Roman backing. His will named two heirs to rule together: the elder of his two sons, Ptolemy XIII, and the elder of his two daughters, Cleopatra VII.classics.mit.edu and 3 moreMap of Turkey, marked on the globe41 BCE · Ephesus (near Selçuk, Turkey)Cleopatra's sister Arsinoe IV fought Caesar, walked in chains in his triumph and was killed at a temple on Antony's orders, and the skeleton said to be hers was a boy'sArsinoe IV, younger sister of Cleopatra VII, claimed the throne in 48 BC and was killed in 41 BC on Antony's orders.In 48 BC, while Julius Caesar was besieged in Alexandria, Cleopatra's younger sister Arsinoe escaped the palace with her tutor, the eunuch Ganymedes, and proclaimed herself queen.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 5 morePtolemy Apion MAN Napoli Inv5598: Herm head with corkscrew curls that may be a 18th-century restoration, traditionally identified as Ptolemy Apion, king of Cyrene, or Berenice.96 BCE · Cyrene (Shahat), LibyaPtolemy VIII willed Cyrene to Rome in 155 BC, and his son Ptolemy Apion's will handed it over in 96 BCPtolemy VIII willed Cyrenaica to Rome if he died without heirs, and his son Ptolemy Apion left it to Rome in 96 BC.In 163 BC Ptolemy VIII was expelled from Alexandria, and Roman agents persuaded his older brother Ptolemy VI to give him Cyrenaica, the Libyan part of the kingdom.igcyr2.unibo.it and 4 moreBerenice IV of Egypt: Berenice IV, phraraoh of Egypt55 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptBerenice IV took her father's throne, had one husband strangled within days, and was executed when Rome restored her father for 10,000 talentsBerenice IV, eldest legitimate daughter of Ptolemy XII, took his throne during his exile and was executed when he was restored.In 58 BC Rome annexed Cyprus, and its king, Ptolemy XII's brother, killed himself. The Alexandrians, angry, drove Ptolemy XII out, and he went to Rome. They made his eldest legitimate daughter, Berenice IV, queen.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 morePtolemy VI Philometor: Ring with the engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor.204 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptCourtiers hid Ptolemy IV's death, killed his queen, read out a will naming themselves regents, and the Alexandrian crowd killed them and their familyPtolemy IV's ministers hid his death, killed his queen Arsinoe III and read out a will naming themselves regents for his son Ptolemy V.Polybius writes that Ptolemy IV Philopator began his reign by killing his brother Magas and then neglected government for "his shameful amours and senseless and constant drunkenness." He married his sister Arsinoe III.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 morePtolemy X Alexander Tetradrachm Sear7939: Egypt, Ptolemaiovské království (Alexandrie) AR Tetradrachm RY 20 (95/4 př. n. l.) - Ptolemaios X Alexander (106-88 př. n. l.)80 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptSulla sent Ptolemy XI to marry Queen Berenice III, he had her killed within three weeks, the Alexandrians killed him, and Rome produced a will leaving Egypt to RomePtolemy XI, son of Ptolemy X, killed his wife Berenice III within three weeks; a will said to be his left Egypt to Rome.When Ptolemy IX died in 80 BC, his daughter Berenice III ruled alone. From 101 BC she had ruled with Ptolemy X, who in 89 BC took the gold coffin of Alexander the Great to pay his troops and was killed at sea in 88 BC.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 4 more

Members who held power

From Wikidata: office, rank or fortune, oldest first. Each name opens its Wikipedia article.

Menelaus400 BCEgovernor
Ptolemy I Soter365 BCEmilitary personnel; historian; sovereignPtolemaic Kingdom
Ptolémaïs357 BCEconsort
Arsinoe of Macedon350 BCEaristocratMacedonia
Berenice I of Egypt339 BCEconsortPtolemaic Kingdom
Meleager319 BCEsovereignMacedonia
Ptolemy Ceraunus317 BCEmilitary personnel
Arsinoe II315 BCEmonarch
Philotera308 BCEaristocratMacedonia
Ptolemy II Philadelphus307 BCEsovereignAncient Egypt
Lysandra300 BCEaristocratPtolemaic Kingdom
Lysimachus296 BCEaristocrat
Berenice274 BCEpoliticianSeleucid Empire
Ptolemy IV Philopator243 BCEsovereignPtolemaic Kingdom
Arsinoe III of Egypt243 BCEmonarchAncient Egypt
Ptolemy V Epiphanes209 BCEsovereignAncient Egypt
Ptolemy VI183 BCEsovereign
Cleopatra II of Egypt183 BCEmonarchAncient Egypt
Ptolemy VIII Physcon181 BCEsovereign
Ptolemy Eupator165 BCEstatesperson
Cleopatra III of Egypt160 BCEmonarch; queen regnant
Ptolemy IX Lathyros141 BCEsovereign
Ptolemy Apion140 BCEsovereign
Tryphaena139 BCEregent

Families in the same cases

Julio-Claudian dynasty