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Turkey

Every case set in what is now Turkey, best-known first. Cities, states and old kingdoms count under the country that holds them today.

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Cases in Turkey

Best-known first. Each card opens the full cited case.

Cases
24
Years
5950 BCE to 2023
Region
Middle East
Main subjects
Russia and Byzantium, Islamic and Persian empires, Royalty, Egypt and Africa
Families
Nizams of Hyderabad, Ptolemaic dynasty
Updated
30 October 2026
NizamViiMukarram: Nizam VII of Hyderabad with his grandson Mukarram Jah c.19342023 · Istanbul, TurkeyThe last Nizam of Hyderabad inherited one of the world's largest fortunes and died in Turkey after losing most of itMukarram Jah was born in France in 1933 to Azam Jah, heir of the seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, and Princess Durru Shehvar, daughter of the last Ottoman caliph.thenewsminute.com and 4 moreMehmed II: The Sultan Mehmet II title QS:P1476,en:"The Sultan Mehmet II "label QS:Len,"The Sultan Mehmet II "label QS:Lit,"Ritratto1495 · Castel Capuana, Naples, Italy; buried Bursa, TurkeyMehmed II's younger son lost the throne to his brother and spent 13 years as a paid captive of the Knights of Rhodes, the Pope and the King of FranceCem, born in 1459, was the third son of Mehmed the Conqueror. When Mehmed died in 1481, Cem said his father had chosen him and that his elder brother Bayezid II had taken the throne unjustly.Encyclopaedia Britannica and 2 moreMustafa Kemal Atatürk: Ataturk1930s1938 · Dolmabahçe Palace, IstanbulAtatürk left his İş Bankası shares to his party, and the state took them twiceAtatürk signed his will at Dolmabahçe on 5 September 1938 and lodged it with an Istanbul notary on 6 October 1938. At his death his İş Bankası account held 1,446,872.03 lira and 114,891 shares.sozcu.com.tr and 3 moreMehmed III: Sultan and 92. Caliph of Islam,Mehmet III of the Ottoman Empire (1566–1603)1595 · Topkapı Palace, IstanbulOttoman Sultan Mehmed III had his 19 brothers strangled on the day he took the throneOttoman succession had no rule of primogeniture. Any son of a sultan could claim the throne. Mehmed II's law code in the 15th century allowed a new sultan to put his brothers to death "for the order of the world".Wikipedia (English) and 1 moreMehmed IV: Mahomet IV. sonst Achmet genannt Türckischer Kaÿser1481 · Istanbul, TurkeyA Turkish court ruled in 2020 that Mehmed II's endowment deed still bound Hagia Sophia as a mosque, while an Armenian foundation could not recover its confiscated Istanbul innHagia Sophia was built as a church in the sixth century. After the Ottoman conquest in 1453 it became a mosque. A few years later Sultan Mehmed II made it part of his waqf, a perpetual religious endowment.harvardlawreview.org and 2 moreBasil II: Basilios II1025 · Constantinople (Istanbul), TurkeyBasil II left 200,000 pounds of gold and no son; his successors spent it, and the gold coin was debased to almost nothing by the 1080sBasil II ruled Byzantium for about fifty years. The Byzantine historian Michael Psellus says the treasury reached "200,000 talents" and that Basil had spiral galleries dug underground to hold it.sourcebooks.fordham.edu and 4 moreWorld headquarter of the Bektashis: This picture is captured in the World headquarters of the Bektashis which is located in the capital of Albania (Tirana).1826 · Istanbul, Turkey; Hacıbektaş, Turkey; Tirana, AlbaniaThe Sultan abolished the Bektashi order in 1826 and gave its lodges away, Atatürk closed the rest in 1925, and in 2024 Albania proposed a sovereign state for its leaderThe Bektashi order was the Sufi order of the Janissaries. In 1826 Sultan Mahmud II destroyed the Janissary corps and banned the Bektashis throughout the empire. Many dervishes were exiled and some executed.sarakuehn.com and 2 moreAI illustration: Merchants and notaries at the Rialto in Venice, 16th century1569 · ConstantinopleGracia Nasi's sister Brianda sued her in Venice for half the Mendes fortune and denounced her as a secret JewBeatriz de Luna came from a Jewish family forcibly converted in Portugal in 1497. In 1528 she married her uncle Francisco Mendes, a Lisbon merchant banker.jstor.org and 5 moreIrene of Athens: Irene solidus sb 1599 (obverse)797 · Constantinople (Istanbul), TurkeyEmpress Irene had her son Constantine VI blinded in the room where he was born and ruled Byzantium alone from 797Irene was born in Athens and married the future emperor Leo IV in 769. Their son Constantine was born on 14 January 771 in the Porphyra, the purple room of the palace in Constantinople.pbe.kcl.ac.uk and 4 moreArch of Titus Menorah: This photograph shows a modern replica of the Arch of Titus relief depicting the spoils of the Jerusalem Temple, including the temple menorah, carried in a t70 · Jerusalem; Rome, Italy; Carthage (Tunis), Tunisia; ConstantiRome carried the Temple treasures in triumph, the Vandals took them to Carthage, and Procopius says Justinian sent them to Jerusalem because a Jew warned they brought down every palace that held themTitus took Jerusalem in AD 70 and the Temple was destroyed. Josephus records that Vespasian put the golden vessels and instruments taken from the Temple in his new Temple of Peace in Rome.sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu and 3 moreJustinian II: Justinian ii (2, cropped and askew)711 · Constantinople (Istanbul), TurkeyJustinian II lost his throne and his nose in 695, took Constantinople back in 705, and was killed with his son in 711Justinian II became emperor in 685 at 16, after his father Constantine IV died. In 695 the general Leontios overthrew him, slit his nose and tongue, and exiled him to Cherson in Crimea.Wikisource (primary text) and 3 moreZoe Porphyrogenita: Zoe mosaic Hagia Sophia1041 · Constantinople (Istanbul), TurkeyEmpress Zoe adopted Michael V as her heir, he exiled her, and the people of Constantinople had him blinded in 1042Zoe was a daughter of Emperor Constantine VIII of the Macedonian dynasty. Her first husband, Romanos III, drowned in his bath in 1034 after she had plotted with her lover Michael, who then married her and became Michael IV.sourcebooks.fordham.edu and 2 moreMap of Turkey, marked on the globe41 BCE · Ephesus (near Selçuk, Turkey)Cleopatra's sister Arsinoe IV fought Caesar, walked in chains in his triumph and was killed at a temple on Antony's orders, and the skeleton said to be hers was a boy'sIn 48 BC, while Julius Caesar was besieged in Alexandria, Cleopatra's younger sister Arsinoe escaped the palace with her tutor, the eunuch Ganymedes, and proclaimed herself queen.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 5 moreThe Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.175 BCE · Jerusalem; Maresha, Israel; Antioch, TurkeySecond Maccabees says a king's minister came to seize the widows' and orphans' deposits in the Jerusalem Temple; a stele pieced together in 2005 and 2006 names the minister and a royal order on temple funds2 Maccabees 3 says Simon, captain of the Jerusalem Temple, fell out with the high priest Onias and told the Seleucid governor that the Temple treasury held "untold sums of money." The king sent his minister Heliodorus to remove it.biblegateway.com and 4 moreThe Votive Portrait of Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu with Cyrillic inscription at Horezu Monastery (1709): Tabloul votiv din catoliconul Mănăstirii Hurezi: Constantin Brâncoveanu, 1714 · Istanbul (Constantinople), TurkeyThe Ottomans beheaded Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu and his four sons in Istanbul in 1714 after four months of torture over his fortuneConstantin Brâncoveanu ruled Wallachia, an Ottoman vassal state, from 1688 to 1714. Venetian reports put his fortune at over 2 million guruș.adevarul.ro and 4 moreIbrahim I: Ibrahim I of the Ottomans1648 · Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, TurkeyThe last male of the Ottoman house would not leave his room when told he was sultan, and eight years later his mother agreed to his depositionIbrahim, born in 1615, was the last of Ahmed I's sons to reach the throne.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr and 1 moreBursa Şehzade Mustafa Türbesi 5970: Sehzade Mustafa’s tomb contains several other members of the family, Ahmed (son of Bayezit II, died 1513) and Orhan (son of Sehzade Mustafa), as1553 · Aktepe camp near Ereğli, Konya, TurkeySüleyman had his eldest son Mustafa strangled in the imperial tent in 1553 after his grand vizier produced a letter in the prince's name to the ShahMustafa, born in Manisa in 1515 to Süleyman's first favourite Mahidevran, was the eldest surviving son and popular with the Janissaries. Hürrem Sultan's sons grew up behind him.Encyclopaedia Britannica and 2 moreChamber of the Holy Mantle - Hirka-i Saâdet Dairesi: Chamber of the Holy Mantle - Hirka-i Saâdet Dairesi1517 · Cairo, Egypt; Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, TurkeyThe Prophet's mantle and relics passed from dynasty to dynasty as proof of title, and the Ottomans shipped them from Cairo to Istanbul in 1517Possession of the Prophet's belongings became a sign of the right to rule. TDV records that the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya paid 20,000 dirhams for the Prophet's mantle.Encyclopaedia Britannica and 2 moreNicomedes IV of Bithynia: Bithynia - king Nikomedes IV - 94-74 BC - silver tetradrachm - head of Nikomedes IV - Zeus - München SMS 0174 BCE · Nicomedia (İzmit), TurkeyNicomedes IV left Bithynia to Rome, Mithridates said the queen had borne him a son, and Mithridates invadedNicomedes IV, king of Bithynia, was driven out by his brother, backed by Mithridates of Pontus, and restored by Roman envoys led by Manius Aquillius. Appian says the envoys then pressed him to raid Mithridates's land.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 4 moreDeckel einer Truhe aus Elfenbein: Deckel einer Truhe aus Elfenbein1327 BCE · Thebes (Luxor), Egypt, and Hattusa (Boğazkale), TurkeyThe Deeds of Suppiluliuma say a widowed Egyptian queen asked the Hittite king for a son to marry, and the prince Zannanza died on the wayThe Deeds of Suppiluliuma, written by his son Mursili II, say that an Egyptian queen, named Dakhamunzu in the Hittite text, wrote after her husband died: "My husband died.worldhistory.org and 5 morePatriarch Nicholas Mystikos baptizes Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos: Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos baptizes Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos in 906.912 · Constantinople (Istanbul), TurkeyLeo VI married his mistress as his fourth wife to make their son legitimate, and the patriarch who refused was forced outLeo VI's first three wives died without giving him a son. Theophano died in 895. Zoe Zaoutzaina died a year after their marriage in 898. Eudokia Baiana died in childbirth in 901.johnsanidopoulos.com and 4 moreAttalus III: Attalid portrait at the Antikensammlung Berlin133 BCE · Pergamon, Asia Minor (modern Turkey)King Attalus III left his kingdom to Rome in his will, and a man claiming to be a royal bastard fought Rome for itAttalus III, last king of Pergamon, died in 133 BC without children. His will left his kingdom and treasury to the Roman people.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 moreBoğazköy panorama: Boğazköy panorama 20241500 BCE · Hattusa (Boğazkale), TurkeyAfter four reigns of Hittite princes killing each other, King Telipinu wrote the order of succession into law and spared the men who had plotted against himThe Proclamation of Telipinu sets out the history behind its own law. It says King Mursili destroyed Aleppo and Babylon and brought their captives and goods to Hattusa.Internet Archive and 2 moreÇatalhöyük, 7400 BC, Konya, Turkey - UNESCO World Heritage Site, 02: Population 5,000 - 7,000. Large numbers of buildings clustered together. The inhabitants lived in mudbrick hous5950 BCE · Çatalhöyük East Mound, Konya, TurkeyÇatalhöyük buried its dead under the house floor along the mother's line, and baby girls got five times the grave gifts of boysÇatalhöyük was a town of mud-brick houses built against each other and entered through the roof. Its people buried their dead in pits under the house floors.haber.metu.edu.tr and 2 more