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Business dynasties

Merchant houses, industrial families, fashion houses and founders' heirs, from Babylon's bankers to the Dasslers, Armani and the Rothschild name.

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What do the business dynasties estate cases show?

A settlement release that covers unknown claims can bar a later fraud suit, and the settlement's confidentiality terms can be sued on decades later. A settlor who wants to change an irrevocable trust must convince the court that the change is made in good faith and for the beneficiaries' benefit.

Stories
64
Years
508 BCE to 2026
Main regions
Europe, East Asia, North America
Legal traditions
Civil law, Common law
Updated
30 October 2026

Every case in business dynasties, best-known first

Best-known first: cases from 1900 on, then the United States, then Europe, and the people most read about on English Wikipedia each month. Fiction, scripture and legend come last.

Fred Trump Jr.: Fred Trump Jr. 1966 (cropped)1999 · New Hyde Park, New York, USAFred Trump's grandchildren contested his will in 2000, and Donald Trump and 2 siblings cut off health insurance for them and an ailing babyFred Trump, the father of Donald Trump, died at Long Island Jewish Medical Center on 25 June 1999, aged 93. On 23 March 2000 his grandchildren Mary L.gibsondunn.com and 4 moreRupert Murdoch: Rupert Murdoch - Flickr - Eva Rinaldi Celebrity and Live Music Photographer2023 · Reno, Nevada, USARupert Murdoch tried to rewrite his family trust so Lachlan would control his companies, and a Nevada commissioner found they acted in bad faithWhen Rupert Murdoch divorced his second wife, Anna Torv, in 1999, she demanded that control of the business be split equally between him and their children, ABC News (Australia) reported on 21 September 2024.washoecourts.com and 8 moreRobert Maxwell: Robert Maxwell 1989 (3x4 cropped 2)1991 · Atlantic Ocean, off the Canary IslandsPublisher Robert Maxwell went overboard from his yacht, and his sons inherited companies that had used the staff pension fundsMaxwell was last in contact with the crew of his yacht, the Lady Ghislaine, at 4:25 a.m. He was reported missing that morning, and his naked body was recovered from the sea.The New York Times and 4 moreAristotle Onassis: Aristotle Onassis 1967cr1988 · Athens and Skorpios, Greece, and SwitzerlandAristotle Onassis's only granddaughter inherited half his fortune at 18, after her father and the trustees fought for yearsAristotle Onassis's son Alexander was killed in a plane crash in 1973. Onassis died two years later. His will named four trustees as executors. The Alexander S.UPI and 2 moreBarbara Hutton: Barbara Hutton on a ship (cropped)1979 · Beverly Wilshire Hotel, Beverly Hills, California, USABarbara Hutton inherited the Woolworth fortune at 21, married seven times, and died with $3,500 in the bankFrank W. Woolworth opened his first successful five-and-dime store in 1879. His daughter Edna married Franklyn Hutton. Edna died at The Plaza hotel on 2 May 1917, aged 33.legacy.suntimes.com and 2 moreCoco Chanel: Coco Chanel in Los Angeles, 1931 (cropped)1971 · Hôtel Ritz, Paris, FranceCoco Chanel used Nazi anti-Jewish laws to try to take her perfume company from the Wertheimers, who had signed it over to an aircraft makerIn 1924 Gabrielle Chanel formed Parfums Chanel with the brothers Pierre and Paul Wertheimer. The Wertheimers took 70 percent and paid for making and selling Chanel No. 5. Théophile Bader took 20 percent.fundinguniverse.com and 4 moreJ. Paul Getty: JP Getty 1944 (cropped) (2)1976 · Sutton Place, Surrey, EnglandJ. Paul Getty paid part of his kidnapped grandson's ransom and lent the rest to his son at 4% interestGetty ran Getty Oil from Sutton Place in Surrey. On 10 July 1973 his grandson John Paul Getty III, 16, was seized in Piazza Farnese, Rome, and held in Calabria. The kidnappers asked $17 million.Il Post and 7 moreH. L. Hunt: H. L. Hunt (American oil magnate, 1965)1980 · Dallas, Texas, and New York, USAH.L. Hunt's sons bought a third of the world's silver, lost more than $1 billion, and filed for bankruptcy after a Peruvian state company won in courtNelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt were sons of the Texas oilman H.L. Hunt, who left a multibillion-dollar fortune and Placid Oil.Deseret News and 2 moreAlexander McQueen: Alexander McQueen by FashionWirePress (cropped 2)2010 · Mayfair, London, UKAlexander McQueen died the day before his mother's funeral and left £50,000 to his dogs and most of £16 million to a charity for artistsLee Alexander McQueen's mother, Joyce, died about ten days before him. On Thursday 11 February 2010 his cleaner found him hanged in a wardrobe at his Mayfair home. He was 40. It was the day before his mother's funeral.thepinknews.com and 3 moreKarl Lagerfeld: Fendi store opening - Karl Lagerfeld (14091153382) crop2019 · Paris, FranceKarl Lagerfeld left about €200 million to his assistant, models, his godson and his cat, and seven years later a French tax claim and a will challenge hold itKarl Lagerfeld died of prostate cancer on 19 February 2019. He was unmarried and had no children, and both his sisters had died. He drafted his will in April 2016. It was filed in Monaco and is not public.vol.at and 3 moreGiorgio Armani: Giorgio Armani 19972025 · Milan, ItalyGiorgio Armani's will orders his heirs to sell 15 percent of his company to a rival group within 18 monthsGiorgio Armani died on 4 September 2025, aged 91. He had no children. In 2016 he set up the Armani Foundation as the vehicle for his succession. He rewrote his two wills in spring 2025, partly by hand.ksl.com and 2 moreHorace Elgin Dodge: Horace Elgin Dodge1920 · Detroit, Michigan, USAThe Dodge brothers sued Henry Ford for dividends, sold him their shares for $25 million, and both died within a yearJohn and Horace Dodge supplied parts to Henry Ford and were paid partly in Ford stock. They owned about 10 percent of Ford Motor.Time and 3 moreCornelius Vanderbilt: Cornelius Vanderbilt Daguerrotype2 (cropped)(b)1877 · 10 Washington Place, New York CityCornelius Vanderbilt left nearly all of $100 million to one son, and the son he passed over argued spiritualism had unhinged himCornelius Vanderbilt built a fortune in steamships and then railroads, including the New York Central. He died worth about $100 million.American Heritage and 3 moreIdi Amin: Idi Amin at UN (United Nations, New York)1971 · Kakira, Jinja, UgandaIdi Amin seized the Madhvani sugar estate in 1972; the widow came back to one working tractor, and the heirs split again in 2020Muljibhai Madhvani, born in Porbandar, India, in 1894, bought 800 acres at Kakira, Uganda, in 1918 for a sugar factory. He died at Kakira in July 1958.csmonitor.com and 2 morePierre Cardin: Pierre Cardin 1978 (cropped)2020 · Paris, FrancePierre Cardin's great-nephew found a will naming him sole heir to an €800 million estate, and a Paris court ruled it was not a willPierre Cardin died in December 2020, aged 98, with no children. His holding company, subsidiaries, licences, brands and property in Paris and the Vaucluse were valued at €750 to €800 million on buyout offers.fashionunited.fr and 2 moreMarshall Field: Marshall Field circa 1915 (cropped)1906 · Chicago, Illinois, USAMarshall Field's son was shot two months before he died, and his will locked his fortune away for the grandsons until 1943Marshall Field built Chicago's largest dry goods business. Graceland Cemetery puts his estate at $125 million. On 22 November 1905 his only son, Marshall Field Jr., 37, was shot in the abdomen and died days later.Time and 3 moreRoberto Cavalli: Roberto Cavalli Photographed by Ed Kavishe2024 · Florence, ItalyRoberto Cavalli split his estate equally among his partner and six children, and the heirs accepted it only up to the value of his debtsRoberto Cavalli founded his fashion house in Florence in the 1970s. In 2015 he sold it to the Clessidra fund. Union sources put the deal at about €450 million, with about €230 million to Cavalli, who kept 10 percent.ilfattoquotidiano.it and 2 moreMap of New York, marked on the globe2014 · Manhattan, New York, USAL'Wren Scott left her $9 million estate to Mick Jagger and wrote that she had left out her family on purposeL'Wren Scott was born Luann Bambrough and raised by an adoptive Mormon family in Utah. She left at 17 to become a stylist and designer. On 17 March 2014 she was found dead in her Manhattan condominium, aged 49.CBS News and 2 moreWangHQ: Old headquarters of Wang Laboratories in Lowell, MA1990 · Boston and Lowell, Massachusetts, USAAn Wang put his son in charge of a $3 billion company, the son was out by 1989, and Wang Laboratories went bankrupt in 1992An Wang, a Chinese immigrant, founded Wang Laboratories in Boston in 1951 with his savings, $600 in one account, as its only employee. He developed magnetic core memory and held more than 40 patents.scholar-dev.cloud.lib.vt.edu and 4 moreHalston evening dress: Sequined polyester 1974, USA Gift of Celanese, 80.128.12 YSL + Halston: Fashioning the 70s Photograph by Eileen Costa © The Museum at FIT.1990 · San Francisco, California, USAHalston sold his name with his company for $16 million and was then barred from itRoy Halston Frowick was born in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1932. Jacqueline Kennedy wore his pillbox hat to the 1961 inauguration. In 1972 Newsweek named him the best designer in America. In 1973 Norton Simon Inc.UPI and 2 moreAI illustration: An office tower on the flat prairie outside Wichita, Kansas, 1980s1967 · Wichita, Kansas, USABill Koch sold his stake for $1.1 billion, sued his brothers for more, lost, and settled after 20 yearsFred C. Koch founded the oil company that became Koch Industries in Wichita. He died in 1967 and left it to his sons, with advice to stand up for each other. His son Charles ran the company from 1967.case-law.vlex.com and 2 moreAI illustration: A motorcycle assembly line in Hamamatsu, Japan2024 · Hamamatsu, JapanSuzuki Motor was run by four adopted sons in a row, including Osamu Suzuki, who married into the family and ran it for 43 yearsOsamu Matsuda was born on 30 January 1930 in Gero, Gifu Prefecture, and worked as a bank loan officer. In the late 1950s he married Shoko Suzuki, granddaughter of founder Michio Suzuki.globalsuzuki.com and 4 moreWilliam Waldorf Astor: William Waldorf Astor1890 · Fifth Avenue, New York City, USA, and Cliveden, EnglandWilliam Waldorf Astor built a hotel beside his aunt's house over who was "Mrs. Astor", and her son built a taller one on hersAfter Charlotte Astor died in 1877, Caroline Astor, wife of William B. Astor Jr., insisted on being called simply "Mrs. Astor".mentalfloss.com and 3 moreStanley Ho: Stanleyho20062020 · Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong, Stanley Ho sued 11 defendants, including 2 of his wives and 5 of his children, hours after saying on television he would not sue his familyStanley Ho held a Macau casino monopoly from the early 1960s until 2002. Lanceford, a company he beneficially owned until January 2011, held 31.655% of STDM, the controlling shareholder of SJM Holdings.hkexnews.hk and 15 moreValentino: Valentino Garavani at the Cannes Film Festival.2026 · Rome, ItalyValentino left his estate to a foundation in Liechtenstein that the public had never heard ofValentino Garavani was born in Voghera in 1932 and founded his house on Rome's Via Condotti in 1959. Giancarlo Giammetti ran the business side. In 1998 the two men sold the house for about $300 million. Valentino retired in 2008.milanofinanza.it and 2 moreMango store in Barcelona: Mango Chutney2024 · Collbató, near Montserrat, Catalonia, SpainMango's founder fell to his death on a hike with his son, and a judge has named the son the only suspectIsak Andic was born in Istanbul in 1953, moved to Barcelona as a youth and founded Mango in 1984. In 2023 his fortune was put at €2.7 billion, the largest in Catalonia.catalannews.com and 3 moreGrabstein Mayer Amschel Rothschild: Tombstone for Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812) at the old Jewish cemetery (Battonnstraße Cemetery) in Frankfurt am Main The text is translat2015 · Geneva, Switzerland, and Paris, FranceTwo Rothschild banks went to law over who could use the family name alone, and settled in 2018 that neither mayThe Rothschild banks descend from Mayer Amschel Rothschild of Frankfurt. In 2012 Baron David de Rothschild united Rothschild & Cie of Paris with N M Rothschild of London.swissinfo.ch and 3 moreOttavio Missoni (foto di Giuseppe Pino, 1990) (cropped): Lo stilista Ottavio Missoni ritratto nel suo studio di Sumirago, presso la sede della Missoni S.p.A.2013 · Los Roques, Venezuela; Sumirago, ItalyMissoni's chief executive vanished in a plane off Venezuela, his father died before the wreck was found, and the family gave up the companyOttavio and Rosita Missoni founded their knitwear company in 1953. Their eldest son, Vittorio, worked in the company with his siblings.thelocal.it and 3 moreRené Lacoste 1927 Militaire a: Lacoste [en tenue militaire] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]2012 · Paris, FranceLacoste's chairman sued to annul his daughter's appointment, then both sides of the family sold to the Swiss partnerRené Lacoste, the tennis champion, founded the Lacoste brand in 1933. In 2005 his son Michel Lacoste replaced his brother Bernard as chief executive, and Michel's daughter Sophie Lacoste-Dournel joined the board.thelocal.fr and 2 moreAI illustration: A Paris saddler's shop front on the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 20102010 · ParisLVMH secretly built a 17 percent stake in Hermès, and 52 family members locked half their shares together to stop itHermès was controlled by about 70 descendants of its founder.thefashionlaw.com and 2 moreYves Saint Laurent: Graphite and Egg Tempera on Canvas2008 · Paris, FranceYves Saint Laurent signed a civil union days before he died, and his collection sale included two bronze heads looted from Beijing in 1860Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé founded his couture house and were partners for 50 years. Days before Saint Laurent died in Paris on 1 June 2008, aged 71, the two men signed a PACS, a French civil partnership, at his home.lalibre.be and 7 moreArnaud Lagardère: Arnaud lagardere - portrait2003 · Paris, FranceArnaud Lagardère inherited control of his father's group in 2003, lost it to Vivendi in 2023, and was charged with using company money to pay inheritance debtJean-Luc Lagardère built an aerospace, media and publishing group. After his sudden death in 2003 his son Arnaud took charge. A partnership-limited-by-shares structure let Arnaud control the group with a small stake.fortune.com and 2 moreNicola Trussardi: (Bergamo, 17 giugno 1942 – Milano, 13 aprile 1999)1999 · Milan, ItalyNicola Trussardi and his son Francesco died in car crashes four years apart, and the family lost the Trussardi companyDante Trussardi founded a glove workshop in 1911. Nicola Trussardi expanded it into fashion, launched the first clothing collection in 1983 and designed Italy's uniforms for the 1988 Seoul Olympics.Il Post and 3 moreRue Louis Vuitton - Asnières-sur-Seine (FR92) - 2024-04-06 - 1: Rue Louis-Vuitton, Asnières-sur-Seine.1989 · Paris, FranceThe Vuitton family's patriarch brought in Bernard Arnault and was fired from LVMH, and Arnault has locked his own five children into a 30-year holdingHenry Racamier married a Vuitton heiress. When he took charge, the Louis Vuitton workshops supplied two shops in France with sales of €1 million a year. In 1987 he merged Louis Vuitton with Moët-Hennessy to form LVMH.UPI and 3 moreRudolf-Dassler: Tombstone of Rudolf Dassler, showing his real birthdate, 29th of April 18981974 · Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, GermanyPuma's founder left everything to one son, the other son won control in court, and the Dassler brothers lie at opposite ends of one cemeteryAdolf and Rudolf Dassler registered Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik in Herzogenaurach in 1924. Both joined the Nazi party in 1933. Jesse Owens wore their shoes at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.deutsche-biographie.de and 4 moreHugo Stinnes: Hugo Stinnes ca18901924 · Berlin and Mülheim an der Ruhr, GermanyHugo Stinnes had a hand in more than 4,000 companies when he died in 1924, and his sons lost most of them within a yearHugo Stinnes was born in Mülheim an der Ruhr on 12 February 1870 into a coal trading family. He bought most of his empire on credit and repaid in inflated marks.deutsche-biographie.de and 2 moreMap of Singapore, marked on the globe2019 · New Delhi, India, and SingaporeK.K. Modi's trust deed split his family into court cases, and his son accused his mother's side of having him assaulted at a board meetingIn 2014 the industrialist K.K. Modi signed a family trust deed naming his wife Bina and their children Lalit, Charu and Samir as trustees. Reports say the deed shared the inheritance equally among the four.indialegallive.com and 4 moreBin Ladin: Bin Ladin building. Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 2004. Photo by Bertil Videt.1967 · Jeddah and Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMohammed bin Laden's sons ran his construction group for decades, and three of them signed their shares over to the state while detainedThe Binladin construction company was founded in 1931 and grew on the expansion of the mosques in Mecca and Medina. After the founder, Mohammed bin Laden, died in 1967, Mohammed Bahareth ran it.newarab.com and 5 moreSavva Morozov: Морозов Савва Тимофеевич (1862-1905) ; (eng.-Morozov Savva Timofeevich)1905 · Cannes, France, and Orekhovo-Zuevo, RussiaSavva Morozov's mother pushed him out of the family mills, he was found shot in Cannes, and his insurance went to a Bolshevik actressSavva Timofeyevich Morozov ran the Nikolskaya Manufactory, the family textile company whose 12 enterprises built the town of Orekhovo-Zuevo. His mother chaired its board.gw2ru.com and 3 moreAlexander Turney Stewart: Alexander Turney Stewart1876 · New York City, New York, USAThieves stole A. T. Stewart's body from his New York vault, and his widow paid $20,000 for a satchel of bonesAlexander Turney Stewart opened his first dry goods store on lower Broadway in 1823 and became the largest retailer in the world. He died at his Fifth Avenue marble mansion on 10 April 1876, worth up to $50 million.cambridge.org and 2 moreBuenos Aires Puerto Madero Porteño 1999-05-01: A 1999 photo of the abandoned grain storage, elevator, and mill complex "El Porteño" in Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires. It was renovated1974 · Buenos Aires, ArgentinaMontoneros kidnapped the Born brothers, heirs to Bunge y Born, and freed them after nine months for a reported $60 millionJorge and Juan Born were heirs to the grain trading group Bunge y Born. On 19 September 1974 the Montoneros guerrilla group ambushed Jorge and Juan Born in Buenos Aires.noticias.perfil.com and 3 moreEugenio Garza Sada (cropped): The Eugenio Garza Sada Memorial at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education in Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.1973 · Monterrey, Nuevo León, MexicoGuerrillas killed Eugenio Garza Sada in a kidnapping attempt in 1973, and his family split the Monterrey Group into fourEugenio Garza Sada led the Monterrey Group, the industrial holdings of the extended Garza Sada family, and founded the Tecnológico de Monterrey in 1943.excelsior.com.mx and 2 more1922-06-06, El Liberal, Simón I. Patiño: Una entrevista interesante. Los propósitos del nuevo ministro de Bolivia.1947 · Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Llallagua, BoliviaSimón Patiño built a tin fortune from one Bolivian vein, and five years after his death the revolution took his minesSimón Iturri Patiño was born in Santiváñez, Cochabamba, on 1 June 1860. Wikipedia repeats a story that in 1894 he took a mining claim in payment of a $250 debt.history.state.gov and 4 moreErmelino Matarazzo: Localização do distrito de Ermelino Matarazzo no município de São Paulo.1937 · São Paulo, BrazilBrazil's largest industrial group lost its chosen heir in a car race, passed to the founder's twelfth child, and filed for court protection in 1983Francesco Matarazzo left Castellabate, near Naples, in 1881 with his wife and two small children.vivant.it and 4 moreRemains of the Plasco Building: نمایی از بقایای ساختمان پلاسکو، بهمن ۱۳۹۶1979 · Tehran, IranIran's revolutionary court had plastics maker Habib Elghanian shot in 1979, and the state took the tower he builtHabib Elghanian founded Plasco, Iran's largest plastics maker, in 1959. With his brothers he ran a group that made plastics, refrigerators, stoves and aluminium.jewishjournal.com and 4 moreHK Nina Tower 200803: Nina Tower，Hong Kong2007 · Hong Kong, ChinaNina Wang won her kidnapped husband's estate in Hong Kong's top court in 2005, then her feng shui adviser was jailed for forging her willNina and Teddy Wang, married in 1955, built the Chinachem property group. On 10 April 1990 Teddy was kidnapped. He was never found, though US$30 million of a US$60 million ransom was paid. A court declared him dead in 1999.legalref.judiciary.hk and 8 moreLG Twin Towers in Beijing: LG Twin Towers in Beijing2023 · Seoul, South KoreaLG's chairman adopted his nephew as heir; his widow and daughters sued to undo the share split and the adoption, and lost both in 2026LG chairman Koo Bon-moo lost his only son in an accident. In 2004 he adopted his nephew Koo Kwang-mo, eldest son of his younger brother Koo Bon-neung.The Korea Times and 3 moreSinar Mas Center 20240113: Sinar Mas Center on the North Bund, Shanghai.2019 · Jakarta, IndonesiaA Sinar Mas son was left 1 billion rupiah, sued his half-brothers over an estate he put at 649 trillion rupiah, and lost his status as a legitimate childEka Tjipta Widjaja founded the Sinar Mas group. He died in January 2019. After the funeral, the family carried out his notarial will of 25 April 2008, deed No. 60. It named 34 people.finance.detik.com and 4 moreSir Ernest Oppenheimer, Bestanddeelnr 901-1810: Collectie / Archief : Fotocollectie Anefo Reportage / Serie : [ onbekend ] Beschrijving : Sir Ernest Oppenheimer Datum : 3 december 2011 · Johannesburg, South Africa, and Gaborone, BotswanaThe Oppenheimers sold their 40 percent of De Beers for $5.1 billion in 2011, and in 2026 Anglo American offered its 85 percent for about $1 billionErnest Oppenheimer, founder of Anglo American, took control of De Beers in 1926. The chairmanship passed to his son Harry and then to his grandson Nicky.jckonline.com and 2 moreYuli Ofer: A423 16.10.2001 - יולי עופר נואם בטקס חנוכת תחנת חוצות המפרץ2011 · Herzliya, IsraelYuli Ofer's last will gave most of his empire to his daughter; his son said he was no longer clear of mind, and the daughter wonYuli Ofer was born in Galați, Romania, and founded Ofer Investments with his brother Sammy. Both brothers died in 2011. Yuli signed a will in April 2008 and a final will in November 2008.haaretz.com and 2 moreRong Yiren: Rong Yiren 19492005 · Shanghai, China, and Hong KongThe Rong family's mills passed to the state in the 1950s, and the son who stayed became China's vice president and his son a billionaireRong Zongjing and Rong Desheng built a flour, textile and machine-making business from Wuxi and Shanghai and invested in banks. After 1949 Rong Desheng's son Rong Yiren took charge of the whole family business and stayed in China.voanews.com and 4 moreTsutsumi Yasuzirou1: 堤康次郎（Tsutsumi Yasuzirou）1964 · Tokyo, JapanSeibu's founder left his railway empire to his third son over the eldest, and that son was convicted in 2005 over shares kept in other people's namesYasujiro Tsutsumi founded Seibu Railway, built the Seibu group and served as President of Japan's House of Councillors. He kept control through a holding company, Kokudo.NBC News and 3 morePazzi conspiracy: Nella stessa famiglia anche lo zio di Francesco, Jacopo fu tra i principali responsabili, e i congiurati si servirono della parentela di Guglielmo de' Medici, fra1478 · Florence, ItalyFlorence seized the Pazzi bank's property the day after the cathedral murder and ordered the family's name and arms erased foreverJacopo de' Pazzi inherited his father Andrea's bank and became head of the family in 1464. In the 1457 tax survey he was one of only eight Florentines taxed between 50 and 100 florins.Treccani and 2 moreMusterung-Welser-Armada: Gouverneur de:Georg Hohermuth von Speyer (rechts) und de:Philipp von Hutten (Mitte) anläßlich der Musterung der Welser-Armada in Sanlúcar de Barrameda vor 1546 · El Tocuyo, Venezuela, and Augsburg, GermanyCharles V gave the Welser bank Venezuela for its loans, and a Spanish governor had the head of the firm's son killed there in 1546Bartholomäus Welser (1484 to 1561) led the Augsburg trading house from 1518. The Welsers were among the largest creditors of Charles V.deutsche-biographie.de and 4 moreResidence of Jejeebhoy: Residence of Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, 1st Baronet.1859 · Bombay (Mumbai), IndiaJamsetjee Jejeebhoy's baronetcy fund pays only an heir who gives up his own name, and every holder since 1859 has taken hisJamsetjee Jejeebhoy was born in Bombay on 15 July 1783 to poor parents from Navsari. In 1799 he sailed to China as a cousin's clerk and made four more voyages.Wikisource (primary text) and 3 moreSuzuki Shoten burnt out: 鈴木商店（Suzuki Shoten） in Kobe burnt out.1894 · Kobe, Hyōgo, JapanA widow inherited a Kobe sugar trader, her manager made it bigger than Mitsui, rioters burned it, and it failed in 1927Suzuki Iwajirō founded a sugar trading house in Kobe in 1874. He died suddenly in 1894. His widow, Yone, born in 1852, became head of the firm and left management to her head clerks, Fujimatsu Yanagida and Kaneko Naokichi.kotobank.jp and 3 moreSassoon David Sassoon: w:David Sassoon (seated) and his sons w:Elias David Sassoon, w:Albert Abdallah David Sassoon & w:Sassoon David Sassoon.1864 · Bombay (Mumbai), India, and Shanghai, ChinaDavid Sassoon's sons split his firm in two, his daughter-in-law Flora was pushed out, and his great-grandson Victor lost ShanghaiDavid Sassoon was born in Baghdad in 1792. He fled in 1828, settled in Bombay in 1832 and built a trading house with a branch in Shanghai from 1845. In August 1864 he helped found the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank.smu.edu and 3 more25 Wiki 20 EHM00042a+b 1-D Hildebrand Veckinchusen an seine Frau Margarethe 1421 by Olaf Malzahn: Foto: Olaf Malzahn1426 · Bruges, Belgium, and Lübeck, GermanyA Hanseatic merchant was jailed for debt in Bruges for years, died weeks after release, and his widow was sued out of her houseHildebrand Veckinchusen was born about 1365, probably in Dorpat, now Tartu, Estonia. He traded from Bruges and became a citizen of Lübeck around 1400.deutsche-biographie.de and 2 morePalazzo datini, ext. 01: Palazzo Datini, Prato1410 · Prato, Tuscany, ItalyThe merchant of Prato rewrote his will five weeks before he died and left 100,000 florins to the poor, under the town's controlFrancesco di Marco Datini was born in Prato about 1335. In 1348 the Black Death killed his parents and two brothers. He made his fortune in Avignon, the papal city, then traded and banked from Prato and Florence.Treccani and 4 more“吕不韦”铜戈-战国晚期秦王政九年（前238）-青川县文物管理所藏 2024-10-31: ​“吕不韦”铜戈-战国晚期秦王政九年（前238）-青川县文物管理所藏235 BCE · Handan, Hebei, and Xianyang, Shaanxi, ChinaSima Qian writes that a merchant bought a hostage prince the throne of Qin, then drank poison when the new king turned on himSima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), a Han-dynasty history, gives this account. Lü Buwei, a merchant of Yangdi, bought cheap, sold dear and piled up thousands in gold.zh.wikisource.org and 3 moreSuruga-cho-Straße in Tokio: One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, No. 0081694 · Kyoto and Edo (Tokyo), JapanMitsui's 1722 house code barred any branch from dividing or selling its share, and the US occupation took the families' property in 1946Mitsui Hachirobei Takatoshi, a merchant from Matsusaka in Ise, opened the Echigoya draper's shop in Edo and a buying store in Kyoto in 1673.archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com and 3 moreYodoya Monument (1): Yodoya Monument1705 · Osaka, JapanThe shogunate confiscated Osaka's richest merchant house in 1705 for living beyond its stationOkamoto Jōan founded the Yodoya house in Osaka. He sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the siege of Osaka and was allowed to collect and sell the weapons left on the battlefield.kotobank.jp and 2 moreNanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3072: The Zhonghua Gate complex at the southern part of the City Wall of Nanjing1379 · Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaThe History of Ming says a rich man paid for a third of Nanjing's walls, offered to pay the emperor's army, and was exiled to YunnanThe History of Ming (Ming Shi), compiled under the next dynasty, tells this in its biography of Empress Ma, wife of the Hongwu emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang.zh.wikisource.org and 3 moreCuneiform tablet: account settlement, Egibi archive: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed508 BCE · Babylon and Borsippa, IraqA Babylonian business house split its father's estate on one clay tablet, and its records stop when Babylon revolted against XerxesThe Egibi family ran a business house in Babylon for five generations. Its archive of about 1,700 clay tablets runs from about 602 to 486 BC. Itti-Marduk-balāṭu headed the house in the third generation.nabucco.acdh.oeaw.ac.at and 2 more