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Julio-Claudian dynasty

Every case in the archive that involves the Julio-Claudian dynasty, best-known first.

Families in powerFortunes through time

The cases

Under each headline: who in the family is in the case. Each card opens the full cited case.

Cases
14
Years
44 BCE to 66
Countries
Italy, Morocco, United Kingdom, Tunisia
Subjects
Greece and Rome, Egypt and Africa, Jailed and executed
Updated
30 October 2026
Julius Caesar: Retrato de Julio César (26724093101) (cropped)44 BCE · Curia of Pompey, RomeJulius Caesar's will, opened after his murder, made Octavian his son and gave every Roman 300 sestercesJulius Caesar's will adopted his great-nephew Octavian, later Augustus, as son and main heir, and left 300 sesterces to each Roman.Caesar was stabbed 23 times in the Curia of Pompey. The physician Antistius judged that only one wound, the second, in the breast, was fatal.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreVirgil: Virgil mosaic in the Bardo National Museum (Tunis) (12241228546)19 BCE · Brundisium (Brindisi)Virgil asked for the Aeneid to be burned, and Augustus ordered it publishedAugustus, first emperor, received a quarter of Virgil's estate and ordered the Aeneid published against Virgil's request to burn it.Virgil met Augustus in Athens in 19 BC, fell ill with a fever near Megara, sailed back to Italy and died at Brundisium. The ancient Life of Virgil by Donatus gives the date and the money.livingpoets.awh.durham.ac.uk and 1 moreCleopatra: Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin140 · Rome, Italy; kingdom of Mauretania (Algeria and Morocco)Cleopatra's grandson Ptolemy inherited Mauretania from his father Juba, and Caligula summoned him to Rome and had him killedCaligula, emperor and cousin of Ptolemy of Mauretania through Ptolemy's mother, summoned him to Rome and had him executed.Cleopatra VII's daughter Cleopatra Selene married Juba II, and the couple received the kingdom of Mauretania. Their son Ptolemy became co-ruler by AD 21 and sole king when Juba died in AD 23 or 24.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 morePetronius Arbiter: (Téléversé avec Commonist) Nouvelle version plus claire.66 · Cumae, Campania, ItalyPetronius's will listed Nero's sex partners by name, and Pliny says he smashed a 300,000-sesterce basin to keep it from NeroNero received Petronius's will, which named Nero's sex partners and came to him under seal.Petronius had governed Bithynia and served as consul. At Nero's court he became the emperor's "arbiter" of taste. Tacitus says the guard prefect Tigellinus was jealous of him.Wikisource (primary text) and 2 moreBoudica statue, Westminster (8433726848): Boudica statue, Westminster60 · Territory of the Iceni (Norfolk), EnglandKing Prasutagus left half his kingdom to Nero to protect his daughters, and Tacitus says Roman officers flogged his widow Boudica and raped his daughtersNero was named co-heir with King Prasutagus's two daughters, and Roman officers then plundered the kingdom.Prasutagus, king of the Iceni in eastern Britain, ruled as an ally of Rome. Tacitus says he named the emperor Nero co-heir with his two daughters, expecting that this would keep his kingdom and household safe.Wikisource (primary text) and 2 moreSeneca the Younger: Duble herma of Socrates and Seneca Antikensammlung Berlin 0765 · Rome, ItalySeneca offered Nero his 300-million-sesterce fortune, was refused, and three years later was ordered to die and denied the tablets to write his willNero, emperor and Seneca's former pupil, refused Seneca's offer of his fortune and later ordered his death.The Stoic philosopher Seneca tutored the young Nero and then advised him as emperor. The senator Suillius, on trial, asked how Seneca had made 300 million sesterces in four years of royal favour.Wikisource (primary text) and 4 moreClaudius: Claudius crop54 · Palatine, Rome, ItalyClaudius's will was never read in public, and Nero poisoned Claudius's son Britannicus four months after taking the throneClaudius's will was never read; his adopted son Nero took the throne and poisoned Claudius's son Britannicus.The emperor Claudius had a son, Britannicus, born on the 22nd day of his reign. He later married Agrippina and adopted her son Nero. Suetonius says that late in life Claudius regretted the marriage and the adoption.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 morePliny the Younger: 'Pliny the Younger and His Mother at Miseno'54 · Rome, Italy; Africa Proconsularis (Tunisia)Pliny says six men owned half of Roman Africa when Nero had them killed, and Suetonius says Nero seized the estates of anyone whose will left him too littleNero, emperor, seized the estates of people whose wills left him too little and had six owners of half of Roman Africa killed.Pliny the Elder wrote that great estates had ruined Italy. He added that six proprietors held half of the province of Africa when Nero had them put to death. Suetonius lists Nero's methods for raising money.perseus.tufts.edu and 3 moreHorti Lamiani (2006-2009): Planietria ricostruttiva degli Horti Lamiani41 · Horti Lamiani, Esquiline Hill, Rome, ItalySuetonius says Caligula ignored Tiberius's will, killed his co-heir, and haunted the gardens he inherited until his sisters reburied himCaligula, named joint heir with Tiberius Gemellus in Tiberius's will, had the will set aside and later had Gemellus killed.Kind 2: what Suetonius says. Tiberius's will named Caligula and his other grandson, the boy Tiberius Gemellus, as joint heirs. When Caligula entered Rome, the Senate and the crowd gave him full power and the will was set aside.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 moreValles típicos de Obejo, Sierra Morena: valles típicos de Sierra Morena. Obejo33 · Rome, Italy; mines in Hispania (Spain)Tacitus says Tiberius had Spain's richest man thrown from the Tarpeian Rock and kept his gold and copper mines for himselfTiberius, emperor, kept for himself the Spanish gold and copper mines of Sextus Marius after Marius was executed in AD 33.Sextus Marius owned gold and copper mines in Spain under the emperor Tiberius. Tacitus calls him the richest man in Spain. He survived an accusation in AD 25.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreLivia: (Toulouse) Livie Musée Saint-Raymond Ra 34029 · Rome, ItalyLivia left Galba 50 million sesterces in figures, and her son Tiberius read it as 500,000 and paid nothingTiberius, son and heir of Livia, widow of Augustus, read her 50-million-sesterce legacy to Galba as 500,000 and paid nothing.Livia, widow of Augustus and mother of the emperor Tiberius, left legacies to many people.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreSuetonius: Suetonius etching (cropped)25 · Rome, ItalySuetonius says Tiberius frightened a man worth 400 million sesterces into suicide to inherit, and Caligula sent poisoned sweets to men who named him heirTiberius became sole heir of Gnaeus Lentulus after driving him to suicide, and Caligula voided wills that did not name the emperor heir.Seneca says Gnaeus Lentulus the Augur was thought to be worth 400 million sesterces, owed his rise to Augustus, and was as barren in intellect as in spirit.Project Gutenberg and 5 moreAugustus: Augustus of Prima Porta14 · Nola, Campania, ItalyAugustus's will, read to the Senate by the Vestal Virgins, barred his daughter and granddaughter from his tombAugustus's will made Tiberius and Livia his heirs and barred his daughter Julia and granddaughter Julia from his Mausoleum.Augustus died at Nola on 19 August AD 14. About 16 months earlier he had written his will in two notebooks. The Vestal Virgins, who held it, brought it to the Senate with three sealed rolls.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 moreArch of Augustus Rimini 1916: Rimini's Arch of Augustus after the 1916 earthquake, in circa 191627 BCE · Ariminum (Rimini), ItalySepticia married an old man to spite her sons and left them nothing, and Augustus gave them her estateAugustus, first emperor, overturned Septicia's will and marriage and gave her estate to her disinherited sons.Valerius Maximus, writing under the emperor Tiberius, collected Roman cases of wills that were overturned. One concerns Septicia, mother of the Trachali brothers of Ariminum.attalus.org and 2 more

Families in the same cases

Ptolemaic dynasty