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Egypt

Every case set in what is now Egypt, best-known first. Cities, states and old kingdoms count under the country that holds them today.

Middle EastEvery country

Cases in Egypt

Best-known first. Each card opens the full cited case.

Cases
38
Years
2950 BCE to 1980
Region
Middle East
Main subjects
Egypt and Africa, Music and sport, Royalty, European families
Families
Ottoman dynasty, Pahlavi dynasty, Ptolemaic dynasty, Abbasid dynasty, Fatimid dynasty
Updated
30 October 2026
Umm Kulthum: Umm Kulthum as Fatimah1975 · Cairo, EgyptUmm Kulthum's heirs sued to pull the biopic "El Sett" from cinemas, and Egypt's Administrative Court ordered them to pay costsUmm Kulthum died in Cairo in 1975 at 76. Her recordings have been the subject of a long fight between companies.Internet Archive and 3 moreBurton Tutankhamun tomb photographs 1 009: Harry Burton: Tutankhamun tomb photographs: a photographic record in 5 albums containing 490 original photographic prints ; representing 1923 · Valley of the Kings, Luxor, EgyptEgypt kept every object from Tutankhamun's tomb and paid the Carnarvon heirs their costs in 1930Lord Carnarvon paid for Howard Carter's excavations in the Valley of the Kings under a concession from Egypt's Antiquities Service. Carter found Tutankhamun's tomb in November 1922.archive.aramcoworld.com and 6 moreAI illustration: 650 Fifth Avenue, the New York tower built by the Pahlavi Foundation1980 · Cairo, EgyptIran sued the exiled Shah in New York for billions, lost, and the tower his foundation built ended up paying terror victims $318 millionMohammad Reza Pahlavi left Iran on 16 January 1979 and died in Cairo in July 1980.jta.org and 2 moreHarald Quandt1954 · CairoThe Quandt fortune behind BMW used about 50,000 forced labourers, a 2011 family-funded study foundGünther Quandt owned textile, battery and arms companies. He married Magda Ritschel in 1921; they divorced in 1929. In December 1931 she married Joseph Goebbels at Gut Severin, an estate Quandt owned, with Hitler as witness.Internet Archive and 8 moreIsma'il Pasha: Portrait of Isma'il Pasha (1830–1895), Khedive of Egypt.1863 · Cairo, EgyptKhedive Ismail sold Egypt's Suez Canal shares to Britain for £4 million in 1875, and the Ottoman sultan deposed him four years laterIsmail succeeded his uncle Said as ruler of Egypt in 1863 and inherited his public and private debts.legislation.gov.uk and 3 moreEntrance of Tomb KV5 of Ramesses II's sons: This is a view of entrance of the closed Tomb KV5 of the sons of Ramesses II in the Valley of the Kings.1213 BCE · Valley of the Kings, Luxor, EgyptRamesses II outlived his first three crown princes, his thirteenth son succeeded him, and his sons' tomb KV5 has more than 130 roomsRamesses II reigned from 1279 to 1213 BC. Estimates of his children run to 48 to 50 sons and 40 to 53 daughters. Four of his daughters, Bintanath, Meritamen, Nebettawy and Henuttawy, became his Great Royal Wives.kirkusreviews.com and 4 moreMap of Egypt, marked on the globe1261 BCE · Saqqara and Memphis, EgyptMes sued to recover land granted to his ancestor Neshi under Ahmose I, after a court ruled against his mother on a false registerUnder Ahmose I, the king gave an estate to the treasurer Neshi as a reward. His descendants held it as one family property.Internet Archive and 1 moreHatshepsut: Seated Statue of Hatshepsut1458 BCE · Thebes (Luxor), EgyptHatshepsut took the throne from her stepson Thutmose III, who had her statues smashed and her images erased two decades after her deathThutmose II died while his son Thutmose III, born to another wife, was a child. Hatshepsut, the dead king's widow and half-sister, ruled for the boy as regent from about 1479 BC.worldhistory.org and 3 moreArsinoe II: ArsinoeII269 BCE · Cassandreia (Kassandreia, Greece) and Alexandria, EgyptArsinoe II married her half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos to protect her sons, he had two of them killed in her arms, and she then married her full brotherPtolemy I passed over his eldest son, Ptolemy Keraunos, son of Eurydice, and around 285 BC made the younger Ptolemy II, son of Berenice, his heir. Keraunos left Egypt.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreHoward Carter: Howard carter1323 BCE · Valley of the Kings, Luxor, EgyptHoward Carter's team cut Tutankhamun's body apart to free it from his coffin in 1925, and Carter's published account left it outOn 24 October 1925 Carter's team found that Tutankhamun's innermost coffin was solid gold and fixed to the second coffin by thick resin. Resin poured over the king at his funeral had also glued the body inside.tutankhamun.griffith.ox.ac.uk and 4 moreCleopatra: Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin130 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptMark Antony gave Cleopatra's children kingdoms in 34 BC, and after 30 BC Octavian killed Caesarion and gave the others to his sister to raiseIn autumn 34 BC Mark Antony filled the gymnasium at Alexandria and set two golden thrones on a silver platform, with lower thrones for the children.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 5 morePtolemy XII Auletes: Ptolemy XII Auletes Louvre Ma344951 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptPtolemy XII's will named Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII joint heirs under Roman protection, and the heirs went to warPtolemy XII Auletes held Egypt with Roman backing. His will named two heirs to rule together: the elder of his two sons, Ptolemy XIII, and the elder of his two daughters, Cleopatra VII.classics.mit.edu and 3 moreGold dinar of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, AH 391: Dinar de ouro do califa fatímida Aláqueme Bimar Alá1021 · Muqattam hills, Cairo, EgyptSitt al-Mulk set aside the Fatimid heir after the caliph al-Hakim disappeared in 1021 and put his son al-Zahir on the throneIn 1013 the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim named his cousin Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas, governor of Damascus, as heir, passing over his own son Ali. His half-sister Sitt al-Mulk, daughter of the previous caliph al-Aziz, backed Ali.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr and 3 moreMausoleum of Shajar al-Durr DSCF2771: Mausoleum of Shajar al-Durr in al-Khalifa neighbourhood, Cairo1249 · al-Mansura, EgyptShajar al-Durr hid the death of Sultan al-Salih Ayyub in 1249, became sultan after his heir was killed, and was beaten to death in 1257Sultan al-Salih Ayyub died at al-Mansura on 22 November 1249 while the crusader army of Louis IX of France was in the Nile Delta. His widow Shajar al-Durr, the emir Fakhr al-Din and the chief eunuch kept the death secret.engelsbergideas.com and 3 moreSeqenenre Tao-mummy-head: Mummified head of Seqenenre Tao1555 BCE · Thebes (Luxor), EgyptKing Seqenenre Tao died with his hands tied and his skull broken by Hyksos weapons, and his sons finished his warSeqenenre Tao ruled southern Egypt from Thebes while the Hyksos, a dynasty of Asian origin, held the north. A later tale, The Quarrel of Apophis and Seqenenre, describes tension with the Hyksos king Apepi.frontiersin.org and 3 moreAmenemhat IV: Amenemhat IV upclose1962 BCE · the royal residence, EgyptAmenemhat I was attacked by his own guards after supper, and his son raced back from a war in Libya to take the throneAmenemhat I was not born royal. His parents were named Senusret and Nefret. He may be the vizier Amenemhat who led an expedition for King Mentuhotep IV before taking the throne.maat.sofiatopia.org and 3 moreDB320 Mummies 1881: Photograph by Émile Brugsch of the Royal Cache of mummies found in DB320 by Gaston Maspero in 1881. Taken before the mummies were unwrapped.1000 BCE · Deir el-Bahari, Luxor, EgyptThe Abd el-Rassul brothers sold royal mummies from a hidden tomb for a decade, until the eldest confessed in 1881After robbers stripped the New Kingdom royal tombs, priests moved the kings' bodies, rewrapped them and placed many in the family tomb of the high priest Pinedjem II at Deir el-Bahari, now TT320.newlinesmag.com and 4 moreMerneith stele: Detail of one of the two stelae erected in front of the tomb of Queen Mer-Neith at Abydos, Umm el Qaab, tomb Y (Tomb of Queen Mer-Neith). Now in the Egyptian Museum2950 BCE · Umm el-Qa'ab, Abydos, EgyptMerneith ruled for her young son Den, was buried at Abydos in a king's tomb ringed by servants' graves, and later king lists left her outMerneith held the titles King's Mother and Foremost of Women. Her probable husband was King Djet. When Djet died, their son Den was probably too young to rule, and she most likely governed for him.penn.museum and 3 moreBerenice IV of Egypt: Berenice IV, phraraoh of Egypt55 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptBerenice IV took her father's throne, had one husband strangled within days, and was executed when Rome restored her father for 10,000 talentsIn 58 BC Rome annexed Cyprus, and its king, Ptolemy XII's brother, killed himself. The Alexandrians, angry, drove Ptolemy XII out, and he went to Rome. They made his eldest legitimate daughter, Berenice IV, queen.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 morePtolemy VI Philometor: Ring with the engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor.204 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptCourtiers hid Ptolemy IV's death, killed his queen, read out a will naming themselves regents, and the Alexandrian crowd killed them and their familyPolybius writes that Ptolemy IV Philopator began his reign by killing his brother Magas and then neglected government for "his shameful amours and senseless and constant drunkenness." He married his sister Arsinoe III.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreEgypt and Nubia: Volume III - No. 8, Mosque of Sultan Hassan, Cairo: Egypt and Nubia: Volume III - No. 8, Mosque of Sultan Hassan, Cairo1361 · Cairo, EgyptPlague estates paid for Sultan Hasan's Cairo mosque, a minaret fell and killed about 300, and the sultan was murdered and never buried in his tombAl-Nasir Hasan became Mamluk sultan of Egypt at 13 in 1347 or 1348. The plague of 1348 killed many of Cairo's rich. Emirs arrested Hasan in 1351 and held him for about three years before he returned to power.madainproject.com and 2 moreHulaguInBagdad: The Mongol ruler Hulagu in Baghdad interns the Caliph of Baghdad among his treasures.1258 · Baghdad, Iraq; Cairo, EgyptHulagu took Baghdad and killed the last Abbasid caliph in 1258, chroniclers gave seven different deaths, and a surviving kinsman was made caliph in CairoIn 1258 the Mongol prince Hulagu took Baghdad, and the Abbasid caliph al-Musta'sim died on or about 20 February. Nassima Neggaz's 2020 study in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society lists the accounts of his death.cambridge.org and 3 moreWuhsha al-dallala: Fragment of the Cairo Genizah - Legal document1100 · Fustat (Old Cairo), EgyptWuhsha the broker was thrown out of synagogue on Yom Kippur for her son by a lover, and her will gave the lover "not one penny"Karima bint Ammar, known as Wuhsha the broker, was born in Alexandria, the daughter of a banker, and worked in Fustat lending money and trading. She married Arye ben Judah of Sicily, had a daughter and divorced.geniza.princeton.edu and 2 moreCalif al Mustansir Misr 1055: Calif_al_Mustansir_Misr_10551094 · Cairo, EgyptThe vizier al-Afdal put al-Musta'li on the Fatimid throne in 1094 over his elder brother Nizar, and the Ismailis splitAl-Mustansir, the eighth Fatimid imam-caliph, died in Cairo on 29 December 1094. Nizari tradition holds that he had designated his eldest son, Nizar.iis.ac.uk and 4 moreCleopatra: Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin130 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptCleopatra filled her tomb with treasure and torchwood so Octavian could not take it from her, and the tomb has never been foundPlutarch writes that Cleopatra built a tall tomb near the temple of Isis in Alexandria and filled it with gold, silver, emeralds, pearls, ebony, ivory and cinnamon, and with torchwood and tow.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 2 morePtolemy X Alexander Tetradrachm Sear7939: Egypt, Ptolemaiovské království (Alexandrie) AR Tetradrachm RY 20 (95/4 př. n. l.) - Ptolemaios X Alexander (106-88 př. n. l.)80 BCE · Alexandria, EgyptSulla sent Ptolemy XI to marry Queen Berenice III, he had her killed within three weeks, the Alexandrians killed him, and Rome produced a will leaving Egypt to RomeWhen Ptolemy IX died in 80 BC, his daughter Berenice III ruled alone. From 101 BC she had ruled with Ptolemy X, who in 89 BC took the gold coffin of Alexander the Great to pay his troops and was killed at sea in 88 BC.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 4 moreMap of Egypt, marked on the globe1090 BCE · Sepermeru, south of Herakleopolis (near Beni Suef), EgyptThe Adoption Papyrus says an Egyptian stable master adopted his wife as his daughter to keep his estate from his siblings, and the widow freed and adopted their slave's childrenThe Adoption Papyrus, now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (P. Ashmolean 1945.96), records two declarations from Sepermeru, a town south of Herakleopolis whose chief god was Seth.mediterraneoantico.it and 2 moreAbbottPapyrus-BritishMuseum-August21-08: The Abbott Papyrus, which is a record of an official inspection of royal tombs in the Theban necropolis-(in hieratic; note red ink, as well1110 BCE · Theban necropolis, west bank of Thebes (Luxor), EgyptEight thieves confessed to stripping the gold from the mummies of king Sobekemsaf and queen Nubkhas, and an inquiry under Ramesses IX recorded itIn year 16 of Ramesses IX, about 1110 BC, Paser, mayor of the east side of Thebes, reported robberies in the royal cemetery on the west side, which was the responsibility of its mayor, Pawero.Internet Archive and 5 moreDeir el-Medina, Luxor, Egipto, 2022-04-03, DD 18: Deir el-Medina, Luxor, Egypt1144 BCE · Deir el-Medina, Thebes (Luxor), EgyptNaunakhte of Deir el-Medina cut the children who did not support her out of her willNaunakhte lived in Deir el-Medina, the village of the workmen who cut the royal tombs at Thebes. Her first husband was the scribe Kenhikhopshef.cambridge.org and 5 morePapyrus judicial Turin: The complete Judicial Papyrus of Turin, the main source for the events of the Harem conspiracy which led to the assassination of pharaoh Ramesses III of the1157 BCE · Thebes (Luxor), EgyptQueen Tiye plotted to put her son Pentawere on the throne of Ramesses III, and a 2012 CT scan found the king's throat had been cutRamesses III had appointed an heir, the future Ramesses IV. Tiye, a wife of the king, recruited officials of the royal household and harem to place her own son Pentawere on the throne instead.Internet Archive and 5 moreKV 13 Bay: Isometric, plan and elevation images of KV13 taken from a 3d model1192 BCE · Thebes (Luxor), EgyptChancellor Bay put a boy king on the throne and was given a tomb among the kings, and a potsherd records that the king had him killedBay began as a scribe and royal cupbearer under Seti II and was probably of Asian origin.ifao.egnet.net and 2 moreOpening of the Mouth - Tutankhamun and Aja: Ay performing the Opening of the Mouth ceremony at Tutankhamun. Wall painting from Tutankhamun's tomb (KV 62)1319 BCE · Thebes (Luxor), EgyptAy had himself painted burying Tutankhamun and took the throne, and Horemheb then erased Ay and dated his own reign from Amenhotep IIIWhen Tutankhamun died, the general Horemheb, who had advised the young king, was campaigning against the Hittites in the north. The vizier Ay took the throne.worldhistory.org and 3 moreTheYoungerLady-61072-FrontView-PlateXCIX-TheRoyalMummies-1912: Front view of the "Younger Lady Mummy" found in tomb KV35. This image clearly displays the damage thought to be done 1323 BCE · Valley of the Kings, Luxor, EgyptDNA tests in 2010 found that Tutankhamun's parents were brother and sister, and that the two stillborn girls buried in his tomb were his daughtersTutankhamun died at about 19 with no living heir. In his tomb, KV62, Howard Carter found an undecorated wooden box and numbered it 317.jamanetwork.com and 3 moreKV55 defaced coffin: Gilded and inlaid wooden coffin from KV55 in the Valley of the Kings, now in the Egyptian Museum of Antiquities in Cairo. The face and the cartouche containing1336 BCE · Valley of the Kings, Luxor, EgyptA king's coffin in tomb KV55 had its gold face hacked off and its names cut out, and the gold from its base turned up in a Munich museumIn January 1907 Edward Ayrton, digging for the American Theodore Davis, opened a small undecorated tomb in the Valley of the Kings, later numbered KV55.archive.archaeology.org and 3 moreF.L. Griffith, Hieratic papyri from Kahun and Gurob.: Veterinary papyrus, LV.2. General Collections Keywords: gurob; hieratic papyri; kahun; petrie papyri; veterinary papyrus; Fran1800 BCE · Lahun (Kahun), Faiyum, EgyptAround 1800 BC an Egyptian priest left everything to his wife and named a guardian for his son, in one of the oldest wills knownTwo papyrus leaves from the workmen's town at Lahun record a family's property in hieratic script.collections.ucl.ac.uk and 3 moreKhufu: Statue of Khufu in the Cairo Egyptian Museum2580 BCE · Giza, EgyptThe hidden tomb of Khufu's mother Hetepheres held her organs in a sealed chest, but her sealed sarcophagus was empty when it was opened in 1927Hetepheres I was the wife of King Sneferu and the mother of King Khufu. On 2 February 1925 a leg of a camera tripod set up by George Reisner's Harvard and Boston expedition sank into plaster east of the Great Pyramid.giza.fas.harvard.edu and 2 moreItalian: Il Papiro dei Re The so-called “Turin King List”, with a list of kings written on the verso and an administrati: Italian: Il Papiro dei Re The so-called “Turin King List”,Legend · 2180 BCE · Memphis, EgyptHerodotus says Queen Nitocris drowned the men who killed her brother the king at a banquet, and a modern scholar argues she never existedHerodotus, writing in the fifth century BC, reports what Egyptian priests told him about their kings. He says one of them was a woman, Nitocris. The Egyptians killed her brother while he was king and gave the kingdom to her.Project Gutenberg and 2 moreHorus and Seth crowning Ramesses III: Statue of Horus and Seth placing the crown of Upper Egypt on the head of Ramesses III. Twentieth Dynasty, early 12th century BC.Legend · 1147 BCE · Deir el-Medina, Thebes (Luxor), Egypt (where the papyrus wasAn Egyptian papyrus says the gods argued for 80 years over whether the dead king Osiris's throne went to his son Horus or his brother SethThe Contendings of Horus and Seth is a myth, not a record of events. It fills the first sixteen pages of Papyrus Chester Beatty I, copied around 1147 BC in the reign of Ramesses V and found in 1931.riull.ull.es and 3 more