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Case file s1329 · Egypt and Africa · 1319 BCE
1319 BCE
Opening of the Mouth - Tutankhamun and Aja: Ay performing the Opening of the Mouth ceremony at Tutankhamun. Wall painting from Tutankhamun's tomb (KV 62)
Opening of the Mouth - Tutankhamun and Aja. Ancient egyptian artist. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
c. 1319 BC (Ay; conventional dating)
Place
Thebes (Luxor), Egypt
Field
Monarchy · Royalty and nobility on the timeline
Legal tradition
Eighteenth Dynasty royal succession; erasure of a predecessor's name · Royal and church law
Historical event
The end of the Eighteenth Dynasty

Ay had himself painted burying Tutankhamun and took the throne, and Horemheb then erased Ay and dated his own reign from Amenhotep III

When Tutankhamun died, the general Horemheb, who had advised the young king, was campaigning against the Hittites in the north. The vizier Ay took the throne. A wall of Tutankhamun's burial chamber shows Ay, in a leopard skin and the khepresh, the king's blue crown, performing the Opening of the Mouth on the dead king. No other known scene shows a successor performing this rite for his predecessor. Ay married Tutankhamun's widow Ankhesenamun. He ruled about four years and named the general Nakhtmin, probably his son or grandson, as crown prince. Nakhtmin never reigned. Horemheb took the throne. He had most of Ay's cartouches in Ay's tomb, WV23, erased and the sarcophagus smashed into fragments. He took over Ay's mortuary temple at Medinet Habu. He dated his reign from the death of Amenhotep III, so that Akhenaten, Tutankhamun and Ay vanished from the count. The city of Akhetaten was pulled down and its blocks used as building fill. A generation later, Seti I's king list at Abydos named 76 kings and ran straight from Amenhotep III to Horemheb. Horemheb had no heir and named his vizier Paramessu, who became Ramesses I. Ay's mummy has not been located. The lid of his sarcophagus was found under debris in 1972.

What the law took from it

An heir who is away when the ruler dies can lose the succession to the person who conducts the funeral.

Record vs. record

Nicholas Reeves argues that traces of Tutankhamun's cartouches lie under Ay's in the burial scene and that it first showed Tutankhamun burying Nefertiti; The Past notes there is no conclusive evidence for his hidden-chamber theory (

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Ay had himself painted burying Tutankhamun and took the throne, and Horemheb then erased Ay and dated his own reign from Amenhotep III,” story s1329, https://www.celebrity.estate/ay-and-horemheb-1319-bc, updated 30 October 2026.

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