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Case file s1341 · Egypt and Africa · 55 BCE
55 BCE
Berenice IV of Egypt: Berenice IV, phraraoh of Egypt
Berenice IV of Egypt. Anonymous 18th century engraver. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
55 BC (Berenice IV)
Place
Alexandria, Egypt
Field
Monarchy · Royalty and nobility on the timeline
Legal tradition
Ptolemaic royal succession; restoration of a client king by Roman arms · Roman law · Royal and church law
Historical event
Gabinius's invasion of Egypt, 55 BC

Berenice IV took her father's throne, had one husband strangled within days, and was executed when Rome restored her father for 10,000 talents

In 58 BC Rome annexed Cyprus, and its king, Ptolemy XII's brother, killed himself. The Alexandrians, angry, drove Ptolemy XII out, and he went to Rome. They made his eldest legitimate daughter, Berenice IV, queen. She needed a husband of royal blood. One Seleucid candidate died during the talks. Aulus Gabinius, the Roman governor of Syria, forbade a second. The third, Seleucus, claimed descent from the Syrian kings and was nicknamed Kybiosaktes, "Salt-fish-monger." Strabo writes that she had him strangled within a few days because she could not bear his coarseness. She then married Archelaus, who claimed to be a son of Mithridates of Pontus and was priest of Comana. He reigned with her in the winter of 56 to 55 BC. In Rome, Ptolemy XII had promised Gabinius 10,000 talents to restore him. In spring 55 BC Gabinius marched into Egypt. Archelaus was killed. Ptolemy XII had Berenice executed for usurping his throne. Berenice IV was buried in Alexandria; the site is not known.

What the law took from it

A child who takes a living parent's property can lose it, and her life, when the parent returns with stronger backers.

Record vs. record

Strabo writes that "Ptolemy slew both Archelaüs and his own daughter" ( Wikipedia says Archelaus died in battle defending the kingdom (

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Berenice IV took her father's throne, had one husband strangled within days, and was executed when Rome restored her father for 10,000 talents,” story s1341, https://www.celebrity.estate/berenice-iv-55-bc, updated 30 October 2026.

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