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Case file s1339 · Egypt and Africa · 130 BCE
130 BCE
Ptolemy VIII Physcon: Head of Ptolemy VIII
Ptolemy VIII Physcon. Yale. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
130 BC (Ptolemy Memphites); Ptolemy VIII died 28 June 116 BC
Place
Alexandria, Egypt, and Cyprus · Cyprus
Field
Monarchy · Royalty and nobility on the timeline
Legal tradition
Ptolemaic joint rule by king, sister-queen and niece-queen
Historical event
The Ptolemaic civil war of 132 to 124 BC

Ptolemy VIII married his sister Cleopatra II and then her daughter, and when his sister held Alexandria against him he sent her their son's head, hands and feet

In 145 BC Ptolemy VIII returned to Alexandria after his brother Ptolemy VI died and married his brother's widow, their sister Cleopatra II. Justin says her son by Ptolemy VI was killed in her arms at the wedding feast; the historian Edwyn Bevan treats this as possibly rhetoric. Cleopatra II bore Ptolemy VIII a son at Memphis while he was being crowned there, and he named the boy Memphites. Around 141 to 140 BC Ptolemy VIII violated and then married Cleopatra III, Cleopatra II's daughter by Ptolemy VI, while Cleopatra II stayed queen. The two queens' sides fought. After an attempt to burn the palace, Ptolemy VIII fled to Cyprus with Cleopatra III, their children and Memphites. Cleopatra II held Alexandria and began counting her own regnal years. Diodorus and Justin report that Ptolemy VIII then had Memphites killed and cut up, and sent the head, hands and feet to Alexandria as a birthday present for his mother. Ptolemy VIII regained Alexandria. About 124 BC Cleopatra II came back, and the three ruled together. In 118 BC they issued a decree of amnesty, and Memphites was added to the dynastic cult as the "New Father-loving God." Ptolemy VIII died on 28 June 116 BC.

What the law took from it

When one man holds two wives from the same family, the children of the first become pawns in the fight between them.

Record vs. record

Bevan dates the flight to Cyprus to 132/131 BC ( Christopher Bennett dates it and the murder to 130 BC and notes that the son Justin says was killed (38.8.12) may not be Memphites (

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Ptolemy VIII married his sister Cleopatra II and then her daughter, and when his sister held Alexandria against him he sent her their son's head, hands and feet,” story s1339, https://www.celebrity.estate/ptolemy-viii-cleopatra-ii-130-bc, updated 30 October 2026.

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