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Home / Explorers / Pedrarias's grandsons killed the bishop of Nicaragua and raided Panama in 1550 to recover…
Case file s25 · Explorers · 1550
1550
Died
1550 (Hernando de Contreras)
Place
near Panama
Field
colonial governor's heirs · Politics and government on the timeline
Legal tradition
Castilian law, Laws of the Indies · Civil law
Historical event
The New Laws of 1542, and Pedro de la Gasca's royal treasure reaching Panama in 1550
AI illustration: Rebels led by Pedrarias's grandsons land on the shore at Panama, 1550
Illustration made with AI for celebrity.estate.

Pedrarias's grandsons killed the bishop of Nicaragua and raided Panama in 1550 to recover their father's lost wealth

María de Peñalosa was Pedrarias's daughter and Balboa's proxy bride. In 1524 she married Rodrigo de Contreras, and Pedrarias died in León, Nicaragua, on 6 March 1531. Contreras governed Nicaragua from 1535 to 1544. Then the Audiencia de los Confines removed him and confiscated many of his properties. Bishop Antonio de Valdivieso had reported the family's abuses of Indigenous people under the encomienda system, and the family's encomiendas were taken under the New Laws†. Historian H. H. Bancroft says the sons Hernando and Pedro resolved "to regain by force of arms the wealth and station" they had lost. Juan Bermejo, a family friend, urged them to take Tierra Firme and Peru with Hernando as king. Rebels entered the bishop's house in León, and Valdivieso was stabbed to death on 26 February 1550 (Wikipedia gives 1549). Gasca had reached Panama on 12 March 1550 with about 11 million castellanos of royal treasure. The rebels entered Panama on the night of 20 April 1550 and were defeated. About 90 rebels died, and captives were stabbed in jail. Pedro's ships were captured at Punta de Higuera and he was not heard of again. Hernando drowned fording a river, and his head was placed in an iron cage in Panama's plaza. Rodrigo was acquitted of complicity in 1550 and died in Lima in 1558.

What the law took from it

When heirs try to take back confiscated wealth by force, the family loses the heirs as well as the money.

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Pedrarias's grandsons killed the bishop of Nicaragua and raided Panama in 1550 to recover their father's lost wealth,” story s25, https://www.celebrity.estate/pedrarias-1550, updated 30 October 2026.

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