The Hagiwara family kept San Francisco's Japanese Tea Garden for 47 years; the 1942 removal orders took it, and the city paid two survivors $5,000 each in 1983

The garden began as an exhibit at the 1894 California Midwinter International Exposition. Makoto Hagiwara, who had come to San Francisco in 1878, paid to build it and was its caretaker from 1895. In 1900 the city charter was amended to bar people ineligible for citizenship from city jobs. He lost the post and his family was evicted. After the 1906 earthquake the park superintendent, John McLaren, had him rehired, and he built a home inside the garden. He died in 1925, and his daughter Takano and her husband Goro ran it. In 1942, after Executive Order 9066, the family was expelled and sent to the Tanforan assembly centre and then the Topaz camp in Utah. They shipped 32 truckloads of belongings to a gardener's home in Mill Valley and estimated their losses at nearly $800,000^†. Chinese women replaced the Japanese servers, and the city renamed the site the Oriental Garden. The family did not return. A brick terrace and sunken garden were built where their home had been. The Japanese name came back after the 1951 peace treaty with Japan. In 1974 a plaque designed by Ruth Asawa, paid for by the family, honoured Makoto. In 1983 the city paid George and Haruko Hagiwara $5,000 each.