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Case file s61 · Explorers · 1812
1812
Sacagawea: Detail Lewis & Clark at Three Forks
Sacagawea. Edgar Samuel Paxson. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
20 December 1812 (Sacagawea, per the fort record)
Place
Manuel Lisa's fort, upper Missouri River · United States
Field
interpreter, guide
Legal tradition
US common law (St. Louis Orphans Court) · Common law
Historical event
The Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804 to 1806

William Clark became court guardian of Sacagawea's two children in 1813 and freed York only years after the expedition

On 20 August 1806 William Clark wrote to Toussaint Charbonneau offering to raise his son with Sacagawea, Jean Baptiste ("Pomp"), and "treat him as my own child." Charbonneau was paid $500.33 and a horse for the expedition. Sacagawea was paid nothing. On 20 December 1812 the fort clerk John Luttig recorded that Charbonneau's wife had died of "putrid fever." On 11 August 1813 the St. Louis Orphans Court made Luttig and Clark guardians of a boy of about 10 and a girl, Lizette, of about 1. Clark became sole guardian after Luttig died in 1815. His 1820 accounts show tuition at Bishop DuBourg's school and board for the boy. In 1823 Duke Paul of Württemberg took Jean Baptiste, 16, to Europe for six years. He worked 37 more years as a trader, guide and miner, and died in Oregon in May 1866†. Clark's papers never mention Lizette again†. A rival claim places Sacagawea's grave at Wind River, Wyoming, in 1884†. York, enslaved by Clark, got no pay and no land grant. When he asked for his freedom, Clark refused and wrote that he wished York sold in New Orleans or hired out to "Some Severe master." In 1832 Clark told Washington Irving he had freed York, set him up as a wagoner, and that York died of cholera in Tennessee. No date of freedom or death is on record.

What the law took from it

Without a written grant, the expedition's two unpaid members depended on Clark's choices for their pay, freedom and children.

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “William Clark became court guardian of Sacagawea's two children in 1813 and freed York only years after the expedition,” story s61, https://www.celebrity.estate/sacagawea-1812, updated 30 October 2026.

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