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Case file s20 · Explorers · 1541
1541
Francisco Pizarro: French: François Pizarre, conquistador (1475-1541) Francisco Pizarro, conqueror (1475–1541)title QS:P1476,fr:"François P
Francisco Pizarro. Amable-Paul Coutan. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
26 June 1541
Place
Lima, Peru
Field
conquistador, Marquis of la Conquista · Military on the timeline
Legal tradition
Castilian law (mayorazgo, Spanish noble title law) · Civil law
Historical event
Spanish conquest of Peru and the civil wars between the Pizarros and the Almagros
Religion
Francisco Pizarro: Catholic (recorded as Catholic Church on Wikidata; Spanish Roman Catholics on Wikipedia)
AI illustration: Francisco Pizarro and his brothers watch Atahualpa's ransom melted into ingots at Cajamarca, 1533
Illustration made with AI for celebrity.estate, after French: François Pizarre, conquistador (1475-1541) Francisco Pizarro, conqueror (1475–1541)title QS:P1476,fr:"François P.

Pizarro's daughter and heir married her imprisoned uncle, his skull was found in a lead box in 1977, and Spain reissued his marquisate in 2019

Charles V made Francisco Pizarro a marquis on 10 October 1537. In 1538 his brother Hernando executed Pizarro's former partner, Diego de Almagro, at Cuzco. On 26 June 1541 followers of Almagro's son killed Pizarro in his palace in Lima. The son was captured on 16 September 1542 and executed after a short trial†. Pizarro's heir was his mestiza daughter Francisca, whose mother was the Inca noblewoman Inés Huaylas Yupanqui. Francisca sailed for Spain in 1551. Hernando was then a prisoner in La Mota castle at Medina del Campo for Almagro's death. In mid-1552, with a papal dispensation, Francisca, 18, married Hernando, 58. The marriage put the Pizarro brothers' fortune in one household. In 1550 Hernando collected 30,000 pesos a year from more than 9,000 tributaries and 130,000 pesos a year from the Porco mines. Hernando was released in 1561 and died in 1578. Their son Francisco spent much of his inheritance suing the Royal Treasury. Neither Francisca nor her son claimed the marquis title. A great-grandson petitioned for it in 1628 and was recognized in 1629. In Lima, from 1891 the cathedral displayed a mummy as Pizarro's body. In 1977 workers found a lead box whose inscription identified the skull inside as Pizarro's. Forensic study matched the skull to a skeleton with multiple sword wounds. The mummy had no wounds and was replaced. On 19 December 2019 Spain ordered a Royal Letter of Succession in the title of Marquis of la Conquista for María Pérez de Herrasti y Urquijo.

What the law took from it

A marriage inside the family kept a contested fortune under one control, but the heirs still spent it fighting the Crown in court.

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Pizarro's daughter and heir married her imprisoned uncle, his skull was found in a lead box in 1977, and Spain reissued his marquisate in 2019,” story s20, https://www.celebrity.estate/pizarro-1541, updated 30 October 2026.

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