A Cuzco chief sued for four years to be recognised as the last Inca's heir, then led the 1780 rebellion with the case still undecided

The Marquisate of Oropesa was created in 1614 for Ana María Lorenza de Loyola, heir of the Inca Sayri Túpac, after she won a lawsuit against the Crown. It covered Yucay, Huayllabamba, Urubamba and Maras. Her line died out in 1741, and a royal order of 16 October 1744 put the estate under the royal treasury "without prejudice" to whoever had the right to it. Diego Felipe de Betancur of Cuzco claimed descent from Túpac Amaru I, the last Inca, beheaded in 1572, and wanted the marquisate; his 1765 will told his heirs to keep pressing the claim. On 30 March 1776 José Gabriel Condorcanqui, cacique of Pampamarca, filed a demand against him. Historian John Rowe found that Betancur's line rested on a 1683 claim by a woman calling herself Manuela Tupa Amaro, that his side forged royal cédulas, and that his son-in-law removed José Gabriel's baptism records from the parish books. José Gabriel argued the case in Lima in 1777 and ran up debts of about 8,000 pesos^†. Diego Felipe died on 29 July 1779. The audiencia refused to send the case to Madrid and never ruled. On 4 November 1780 José Gabriel launched his rebellion as Túpac Amaru II. He was executed in Cuzco on 18 May 1781, after his wife Micaela Bastidas and son Hipólito. His son Fernando, aged 10, was shipped to Spain and died in Madrid in 1798. On 5 April 2025 Peru's Congress received an urn of Fernando's symbolic remains from Spain.