The Laguna Copperplate of 900 AD cleared the children of Namwaran of a debt in gold, and warned anyone who later said it was unpaid
In January 1990 a crumpled, blackened copper plate about 20 by 30 centimetres was offered for sale to the National Museum in Manila, after attempts to sell it on the antiques market had drawn little interest. It had been found during sand dredging in the delta of the Lumbang River, which flows into Laguna de Bay. The Dutch scholar Antoon Postma read its ten lines of Early Kawi script with the help of the epigrapher J. G. de Casparis. The main language is Old Malay with Sanskrit and Old Javanese terms. The plate is dated Saka 822, which is AD 900. It is a certificate of acquittal. In Postma's translation, Lady Angkatan and her relative Bukah receive a document of full acquittal for "the honorable Namwran" from the chief and commander of Tundun. A debt of 1 kati and 8 suwarna of gold, about 926 grams by Postma's reckoning, is declared cleared, and "all the descendants" of Namwaran are freed from it. Postma suggests the debtor may have become a bondsman because of the debt, together with his family. The last line begins a warning against anyone who in future says the debt is unpaid. It breaks off mid-sentence, so at least one more plate existed. That plate has not been found. The surviving plate is in the National Museum of the Philippines in Manila.
A debt that would pass to children and grandchildren ended only with a written, witnessed release, and the release itself became the family's most valuable document.
- Internet ArchiveGovernment record
- journals.lib.washington.eduScholarship
- Wikipedia (English)Encyclopedia
Cite as: celebrity.estate, “The Laguna Copperplate of 900 AD cleared the children of Namwaran of a debt in gold, and warned anyone who later said it was unpaid,” story s992, https://www.celebrity.estate/laguna-copperplate-900, updated 30 October 2026.

















































































































































