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Case file s950 · Fame and fortune · 1865
1865
Hetty Green cph: Hetty Green, half-length portrait, seated
Hetty Green cph. Hollinger & Rockey. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
2 July 1865 (Sylvia Ann Howland)
Place
Massachusetts, USA
Field
inherited fortune; later Wall Street investor (Hetty Green) · Business and finance on the timeline
Legal tradition
US federal equity (Circuit Court, District of Massachusetts); Massachusetts rule barring a party from testifying to dealings with a deceased person · Common law
Historical event
End of the American Civil War, 1865

Hetty Robinson produced a will page giving her all of her aunt's $2 million, and a Harvard mathematician testified the signature was traced

Hetty Robinson was the niece and sole heir-at-law of Sylvia Ann Howland. Howland died on 2 July 1865 with an estate of about $2 million. Her will of 1 September 1863 and a codicil of 18 November 1864 left about half to other legatees and put the rest in trust. Hetty would receive only the income for life, and the principal would then go to others. Hetty produced an earlier will, signed 11 January 1862, that left her everything, with a second page that revoked any later will. She said she and her aunt had agreed to make wills in each other's favour. The executor, Thomas Mandell, said the second page was a forgery. Experts agreed its signature was traced from the original. The Harvard mathematician Benjamin Peirce testified that an exact match of all 30 downstrokes would occur by chance once in "two thousand six hundred and sixty-six millions of millions of millions of times." In October 1868 Justice Nathan Clifford dismissed her suit without ruling on the forgery. The law barred her from testifying about her dealings with her aunt, and without that testimony no contract was proved. Hetty later married Edward Green and became known as the "Witch of Wall Street." She died in 1916 and divided her fortune between her son Ned and her daughter Sylvia.

What the law took from it

A promise between relatives to leave each other everything is worthless in court unless it is written, signed and witnessed.

Record vs. record

Wikipedia says the court ruled the second page and signature forgeries; the opinion and the Federal Judicial Center say it decided the case on other grounds and never ruled on forgery: | | Her father's legacy: $7.5 million on his death in 1864 (New England Historical Society) vs nearly $1 million plus trusts worth several million on his death in 1865 (Federal Judicial Center):

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Hetty Robinson produced a will page giving her all of her aunt's $2 million, and a Harvard mathematician testified the signature was traced,” story s950, https://www.celebrity.estate/hetty-robinson-1865, updated 30 October 2026.

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