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Case file s1306 · Heirlooms and treasure · 1622
1622
Silver ingots - HistoryMiami - IMG 8113: Silver ingots salvaged from the wreck of the Nuestra Senora de Atocha, sunk by storm in the Marquesas in 1622; silver primarily from (prese
Silver ingots - HistoryMiami - IMG 8113. Daderot. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
September 1622 (Atocha sank); 20 July 1975 (Dirk and Angel Fisher)
Place
about 40 nautical miles west of Key West, Florida, USA
Field
Spanish colonial silver, gold and emeralds
Legal tradition
US admiralty law; Eleventh Amendment; state title to submerged lands · Common law
Historical event
Loss of the 1622 Spanish treasure fleet
Member of
Delta Chi (Wikidata)

Mel Fisher lost his son and daughter-in-law hunting the Atocha, found its main treasure ten years to the day later, and beat Florida in the Supreme Court

The Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha sank in a hurricane in 1622 about 40 nautical miles west of Key West. Mel Fisher's company, Treasure Salvors, searched for her for years. Florida claimed the wreck and contracted for 25% of what was raised. A 1975 Supreme Court boundary ruling then placed the site outside Florida's waters. On 20 July 1975 Fisher's eldest son Dirk, Dirk's wife Angel and diver Rick Gage drowned when their salvage boat sank. On 20 July 1985, ten years to the day, Fisher and his son Kane found the main deposit, estimated at $450 million: about 40 tons of silver and gold coins, silver ingots and emeralds. Fisher fought Florida for eight years. On 1 July 1982 the Supreme Court held, without a majority opinion, that Florida officials had no colourable claim to keep the artifacts they held. Fisher died in Key West on 19 December 1998, aged 76. That year his company had pleaded no contest to selling counterfeit coins and paid a $67,000 fine. His family planned to scatter his ashes along Kane's Trail, the search route. As of 2017 the ship's stern castle, 300 silver bars and 8 bronze cannons had not been found. The family business continues as Mel Fisher's Treasures, and his nephew consigned Atocha coins and ingots to auction in 2016.

What the law took from it

A state's contract for a share of a find fails if the state turns out not to own the ground.

Record vs. record

Wikipedia says the Supreme Court awarded Treasure Salvors "all treasure from the vessel": | The opinion held only that Florida officials had no colourable claim to the artifacts, and that a federal court could not decide Florida's ownership without its consent:

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Mel Fisher lost his son and daughter-in-law hunting the Atocha, found its main treasure ten years to the day later, and beat Florida in the Supreme Court,” story s1306, https://www.celebrity.estate/atocha-treasure-1622, updated 30 October 2026.

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