celebrity.estateAn EGRET.LAW propertyWorld map3D timeline
Home / Lasting legacies / Aristotle's heirs hid his library in a trench to keep it from the kings of Pergamum, and…
Case file s688 · Lasting legacies · 322 BCE
322 BCE
Aristotle: Aristotle Altemps Inv8575
Aristotle. After Lysippos. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Died
322 BC (Aristotle)
Place
Chalcis, Greece; Scepsis, Troad (Turkey); Athens and Rome · Italy
Field
philosopher's school and library · Royalty and nobility on the timeline
Legal tradition
Greek testamentary practice; Roman conquest · Civil law · Roman law
Historical event
Sulla's capture of Athens, 86 BC

Aristotle's heirs hid his library in a trench to keep it from the kings of Pergamum, and Sulla carried it to Rome

Diogenes Laertius preserves Aristotle's will. Antipater was executor. Aristotle's daughter was to marry Nicanor. His companion Herpyllis received a talent of silver, three maids and her choice of his house at Chalcis or his father's house at Stagira. Several slaves were freed. His bones were to lie with those of his wife Pythias. The geographer Strabo tells what happened to the books. Aristotle left his library and his school to Theophrastus. Theophrastus left the library to Neleus, who took it to Scepsis. Neleus's heirs were ordinary people who kept the books locked away. When they heard that the Attalid kings, who ruled Scepsis, were searching for books for the library at Pergamum, they hid the books underground in a trench. Moisture and moths damaged them. Their descendants later sold them to Apellicon of Teos for a large sum. Strabo calls Apellicon a book lover rather than a philosopher and says his new copies were full of errors. After Apellicon died, Sulla, who had captured Athens, carried his library to Rome. There the grammarian Tyrannion gained access by courting the librarian. Plutarch adds that Andronicus of Rhodes received copies, published them and drew up the lists of Aristotle's works still in use in his day. No book from Aristotle's own library is known to survive†.

What the law took from it

Heirs who do not value an inheritance may hide it badly, and a buyer may damage it while trying to repair it.

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Aristotle's heirs hid his library in a trench to keep it from the kings of Pergamum, and Sulla carried it to Rome,” story s688, https://www.celebrity.estate/aristotle-322-bc, updated 30 October 2026.

Related cases

Each one shares a person, a kind of fight, a subject, a period or a place with this case. The line under each headline says which.

Vix krater: Châtillon-sur-Seine480 BCE · Vix, at the foot of Mont Lassois, Côte-d'Or, FranceThe Vix grave held the largest metal vessel of the ancient world, buried with a woman, and some scholars questioned whether the body was a woman'sShared: bodies, bones and burials; fortunes from conquest and slavery; same era, ancient world; also EuropeIn January 1953 Maurice Moisson and René Joffroy uncovered a burial chamber at the foot of Mont Lassois, a fortified hilltop near Vix. It had not been robbed.musee-vix.fr and 2 moreAI illustration: An empty, broken-open mausoleum by the Wörthersee in Carinthia, 20082006 · Auen, Wörthersee, Carinthia, AustriaThieves stole the coffin of Friedrich Karl Flick, heir to a Nazi-era fortune, from his Austrian mausoleumShared: bodies, bones and burials; fortunes from conquest and slavery; also EuropeFriedrich Flick's companies used an estimated 48,000 forced labourers in the Second World War.sueddeutsche.de and 6 moreYves Saint Laurent: Graphite and Egg Tempera on Canvas2008 · Paris, FranceYves Saint Laurent signed a civil union days before he died, and his collection sale included two bronze heads looted from Beijing in 1860Shared: bodies, bones and burials; fortunes from conquest and slavery; also EuropeYves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé founded his couture house and were partners for 50 years. Days before Saint Laurent died in Paris on 1 June 2008, aged 71, the two men signed a PACS, a French civil partnership, at his home.lalibre.be and 7 morePatrice Lumumba, 1960: Portrait of Patrice Lumumba1961 · Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Brussels, BelgiumA Belgian police officer kept Lumumba's tooth after dissolving his body in acid; Belgium returned it in 2022, and the last suspect died before trial in 2026Shared: bodies, bones and burials; fortunes from conquest and slavery; also EuropePatrice Lumumba was the first prime minister of independent Congo. In January 1961 he was killed in Katanga by a Belgian-backed secessionist group, with his allies Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito.NBC News and 6 moreAI illustration: William the Conqueror's funeral at Caen, 1087, stopped by a man claiming the church stood on his father's land1087 · Priory of Saint-Gervais, RouenWilliam the Conqueror's funeral stopped when a man said the church stood on his father's stolen landShared: bodies, bones and burials; fortunes from conquest and slavery; also EuropeWilliam was injured against the pommel of his saddle while taking the town of Mantes in July 1087.University of Chicago, LacusCurtius and 3 moreSaqqara, Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II (never used), British Museum: Saqqara, Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II (never used since he left it when he fled south), British Museum343 BCE · Alexandria, Egypt, and London, EnglandThe last native pharaoh fled the Persians and never used his sarcophagus, and the British took it from Alexandria in 1801 as the tomb of AlexanderShared: bodies, bones and burials; 21 years apart; also Middle EastNectanebo II was the last native Egyptian king. In 343 BC the Persian king Artaxerxes III restored Persian rule. Nectanebo fled south and never regained power.Internet Archive and 2 more