Qarmatian raiders took the Black Stone from Mecca in 930 and held it for about 20 years before dropping it in a mosque in Kufa

On 11 January 930, during the pilgrimage, Qarmatian forces from eastern Arabia under Abu Tahir al-Jannabi attacked Mecca. Many pilgrims were killed and left unburied, and some bodies were thrown into the Zamzam well. The governor was among the dead. The raiders broke the Black Stone out of the Kaaba and carried it to their capital, Hajar, in the al-Ahsa oasis. It broke into seven pieces. The Ottoman historian Qutb al-Din wrote that Abu Tahir set it in his own mosque to draw the pilgrimage away from Mecca, and that pilgrims kept going to the Kaaba anyway. A peace treaty with the Abbasids followed in 939. The stone came back in 951 or 952, after about 20 years. The historian al-Juwayni wrote that it was wrapped in a sack and dropped in the Friday mosque of Kufa with a note saying it had been taken by command and returned by command. Madain Project says a ransom was paid; Saudipedia says it was returned on Eid al-Adha in 950. Goldsmiths in Mecca bound the pieces in a silver frame. Saudi kings replaced the frame in 1979 and 2001.