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Case file s45 · North America · 1771
1771
Died
4 September 1771
Place
Naples · Italy
Field
colonial proprietor (Province of Maryland)
Legal tradition
English common law; private Acts of Parliament · Common law
Historical event
American Revolution; Maryland confiscates the proprietary estate, 1781
AI illustration: Annapolis, Maryland, on the Severn River, about 1770
Illustration made with AI for celebrity.estate.

Lord Baltimore was acquitted of rape in 1768, left Maryland to his illegitimate son in 1771, and the son lost it to the Revolution

Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore, owned the Province of Maryland. In 1758 his wife, Lady Diana Egerton, died after a fall from a carriage he was riding in with her. He was suspected of foul play and never charged. In March 1768, at Kingston in Surrey, he was tried for the rape of Sarah Woodcock, a milliner. Two women, Elizabeth Griffenburg and Anne Harvey, were tried as accessories. The jury deliberated for 1 hour 20 minutes and acquitted all three. Calvert died in Naples on 4 September 1771, aged 40, and was buried at Epsom. The barony died with him. His will left Maryland to Henry Harford, about 13, his son by Hester Whalen. His sisters Louisa Browning and Caroline Eden contested it. Caroline's husband, Robert Eden, governed Maryland. The litigation ran until 1781. Parliament passed acts in 1780 and 1781, and Harford received a £60,000 settlement. In 1781 Maryland confiscated the proprietary lands, about 245,000 acres. Harford lived in Annapolis from 1783 to 1786 and asked the General Assembly for £327,441 in lost rents. The Assembly refused in 1786. He claimed £447,000 from the British government and probably received about £70,000. Wikipedia says more than £100,000, so the figure is disputed. Harford died on 8 December 1834 and is buried at Bray, Berkshire. Maryland never returned the land.

What the law took from it

A will that left a colony to a 13-year-old over his legitimate relatives started 10 years of litigation, and the Revolution confiscated the estate before it was settled.

Sources
  1. Maryland State ArchivesGovernment record
  2. Maryland State ArchivesGovernment record
  3. Maryland State ArchivesGovernment record
  4. founders.archives.govGovernment record
  5. exclassics.comPress
  6. Wikipedia (English)Encyclopedia
  7. Wikipedia (English)Encyclopedia

Cite as: celebrity.estate, “Lord Baltimore was acquitted of rape in 1768, left Maryland to his illegitimate son in 1771, and the son lost it to the Revolution,” story s45, https://www.celebrity.estate/baltimore-1771, updated 30 October 2026.

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